Understanding of the Earth, the harmonious development: World Earth Day support of the Directed by Davis. Guggenheim skilfully all the natural phenomena of universal warming with Mr. Gore's personal history, and he has long been committed to improving the global warming warnings and actions are intertwined, constitute a with a strong mighty documentary. As a senior environmentalist,shanghai escort, Mr. Gore stood in the film the outlook of the depth of a thought, in a sense of humor and objective means to show a lot about global warming bring large impair to human beings, the undisputed truths and information.
chilly climate, yet there are still hundreds of human thronged into a small venue, and the scene a lukewarm atmosphere. during the period it began to rain did tiny to disperse our passion,shenzhen massage, a lot of viewers, or transferred to a dome of coffee or an umbrella,toronto escorts, proceed to watch the film, and the scene was very touching.
(picture 09084, Photo caption: suddenly began to rain, and the audience is still supporting We are, I can not aid but raise their cameras to record this touching scene.)
before playing the film,green vegetables, a lot of ardent spectators participation above Tetra Pak recycling questionnaire. field breaks, the Long Yefang, wage because the use of plastic bags is almost the context,beijing massage, this film festival aims apt promote environmental awareness of entire the world, esteem because the earth, defend the earth, treat the earth. wish namely we can raise awareness and esteem as the law, from me and about to, From the begin morsel to better protect and treat the Earth, to better conserve resources and protect the surroundings and fulfill harmonious evolution between male and ecology, and jointly build a better future for mankind!
(green bags Association by Shen Yan Shu squad )
Thursday, May 5, 2011
merely paved tiles with kitchen
The emulating treatise was 1st published in sohu my financial version of the community, I did not expect that real estate has long been the major forum as reprint ...
my house was bought in 2005, was 期房, costs have not ascended up, for my element have a provident fund, bought 50 one-bedroom flat, down just 20,004. But for me by the period, even now such a number is not big money, merely also a lot a lot. the go of 7 years savings because of a family's casualty took always the kin the most money to buy a house relatives heard the newspaper I ambition to mention a lot of instant money now ... Fortunately, his uncle heard the reasons given now behind the 1W, leaders of the unit by a point, finally got enough of the down remittance. I memorize the daytime just behind disbursing the down remittance, and I and his girlfriend, now wife, sold a second-hand bike at home, for 20 dollars as the spend of alive in the afterward week.
the time to buy a house is the developer of the fall of that year submitted, so that we rent and mortgage payments when also 4-5 months time. but did not expect, the house has been postponed for a year until delivery. Thus, in the year and a half, we brought the house had to endure colossal pressure. then the house is the landlord of the lawsuit and continue to get the key assembly, and finally can just pay the mortgage. and if not that late year, at least I can save more than 1W rent.
get the house, and his wife happened to be maneuvering to get marital. The rental house want to get marital, and did not expect to buy their own houses are submitted to the. So no savings for us already, and there the cost of a upkeep. I am thankful to my wife have been supporting me, and her parents over there on my tolerance. there is no bride price, and while renovation a amount of money to took. The entire decoration is done my own (only paved tiles with kitchen, toilet walls), so all of the matters and furniture, took less than 2w. because it is uncomplicated decoration, but also no pollution, elaboration on the marrying my wife and I finished and pushed into new houses.
purchase a house, equitable meditation of renting apt spend money, might for well buy their own set, size does not stuff,beijing escort, anyhow, namely two people, even now the baby,This makes me a morsel anxious Liu MM, you tin then live in a 2 or 3 years. I did not expect, in his wife three months fertile,shanghai escort, the father of stroke hemiplegia, the mommy has long gone, I have to attach to his father's burden to bear. hospitalized in his dad, his wife seeing for hire to live with me everywhere. dad was unloaded ashore the morn, we found a house, a house not I'll say. their three-bedroom. The only we'd accessible find a house, the common must have a photo with two bedrooms less than the sun, I do not let my father live in a apartment, alternatively to permit his wife and kid be nativity to live favor that apartment. eventually found this house,beijing escort, there are two sun house,shanghai massage, fair solved the problem.
In this direction, own house for a year, I began a life of renting. Fortunately, his house lot better, but also a current house, rented out easily, letting the money can be accustomed to support about room. But inevitably, the tenant did not take good care of the house as their own, constantly thought of this, my wife is not snug heart. But we all know all understand, that house is no longer skillful to return.
current prices, I'm scared I not longer have to not buy from the house. child was born, I had to quit her job to attach to father and child, the family earnings of only 1 human assisting his wife. your house is not half as cut back on the real estate license, not sell, rent can only be as ahead. If can sell out, the appreciation of how revenue can also ease the burden of what the family can also be a part of my business.
So, I have a mortgage in the body, I still live in a rented house. The rent can only be sustained further the life.
my house was bought in 2005, was 期房, costs have not ascended up, for my element have a provident fund, bought 50 one-bedroom flat, down just 20,004. But for me by the period, even now such a number is not big money, merely also a lot a lot. the go of 7 years savings because of a family's casualty took always the kin the most money to buy a house relatives heard the newspaper I ambition to mention a lot of instant money now ... Fortunately, his uncle heard the reasons given now behind the 1W, leaders of the unit by a point, finally got enough of the down remittance. I memorize the daytime just behind disbursing the down remittance, and I and his girlfriend, now wife, sold a second-hand bike at home, for 20 dollars as the spend of alive in the afterward week.
the time to buy a house is the developer of the fall of that year submitted, so that we rent and mortgage payments when also 4-5 months time. but did not expect, the house has been postponed for a year until delivery. Thus, in the year and a half, we brought the house had to endure colossal pressure. then the house is the landlord of the lawsuit and continue to get the key assembly, and finally can just pay the mortgage. and if not that late year, at least I can save more than 1W rent.
get the house, and his wife happened to be maneuvering to get marital. The rental house want to get marital, and did not expect to buy their own houses are submitted to the. So no savings for us already, and there the cost of a upkeep. I am thankful to my wife have been supporting me, and her parents over there on my tolerance. there is no bride price, and while renovation a amount of money to took. The entire decoration is done my own (only paved tiles with kitchen, toilet walls), so all of the matters and furniture, took less than 2w. because it is uncomplicated decoration, but also no pollution, elaboration on the marrying my wife and I finished and pushed into new houses.
purchase a house, equitable meditation of renting apt spend money, might for well buy their own set, size does not stuff,beijing escort, anyhow, namely two people, even now the baby,This makes me a morsel anxious Liu MM, you tin then live in a 2 or 3 years. I did not expect, in his wife three months fertile,shanghai escort, the father of stroke hemiplegia, the mommy has long gone, I have to attach to his father's burden to bear. hospitalized in his dad, his wife seeing for hire to live with me everywhere. dad was unloaded ashore the morn, we found a house, a house not I'll say. their three-bedroom. The only we'd accessible find a house, the common must have a photo with two bedrooms less than the sun, I do not let my father live in a apartment, alternatively to permit his wife and kid be nativity to live favor that apartment. eventually found this house,beijing escort, there are two sun house,shanghai massage, fair solved the problem.
In this direction, own house for a year, I began a life of renting. Fortunately, his house lot better, but also a current house, rented out easily, letting the money can be accustomed to support about room. But inevitably, the tenant did not take good care of the house as their own, constantly thought of this, my wife is not snug heart. But we all know all understand, that house is no longer skillful to return.
current prices, I'm scared I not longer have to not buy from the house. child was born, I had to quit her job to attach to father and child, the family earnings of only 1 human assisting his wife. your house is not half as cut back on the real estate license, not sell, rent can only be as ahead. If can sell out, the appreciation of how revenue can also ease the burden of what the family can also be a part of my business.
So, I have a mortgage in the body, I still live in a rented house. The rent can only be sustained further the life.
China's seaman research warship entered its preferential economy district ought be informed 2 month
delimitation of the time limit for the agenda, afterward the pertinent pray ineffective throne state.
such a seemingly hard and rapid rules, flexibility is quite magnificent. period is 10 annuals ago, and given sufficient time because always countries. not merely in the squabbled waters, there are countries namely sprint into the sea of different opinions, still have to take the side of the talks narrated apt the country itself. International Convention ashore the effectiveness of the unity from all parties, the State celebration is voluntary contract, and assorted worldwide conventions have absentee, has a long coastline of the United States is not the Bird aboard a Pacific coral reef,guangzhou escort, situated in southeast China's Taiwan Province, south of the Tropic of Cancer, 20 degrees 25 minutes north latitude,beijing massage, 136 degrees 05 minutes eastern longitude. . Here is the southernmost tip of the territory demanded at Japan.
related issues in the dispute by the long-.2004 Dec. 9, in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at a press regular conference, a journalist asked: The Government says in its exclusive economic Okinotori waters, there a Chinese marine survey ship. China's comment? have another outlooks, the Chinese side believes that China is on the tall seas marine research vessel conducting customary scientific investigation. We hope Japan to remain lull. Shintaro Ishihara to attend Beijing Olympics,shenzhen escort, China is quite a friendly style. In this, he relied on confrontation with China .2005 mixing embark he had that synthetic red bird on the helipad, waving flag,shenzhen massage, the clamor when. < br> Japan invoked the island, the Japanese enjoy the accord,this namely almost a important accident in the destiny of us entire ., China's marine research boat entered its exclusive economic area ought be advised 2 months ago.
To make this more favor a few chips of rock island, the Japanese investment since 1988 the digit of ten billion yen will be secondhand to concrete and steel reinforcement, built a helicopter pad, but has no lasting, even more disappointing is that the facility was severely damaged in the hurricane.
birds of China acknowledged Japan's sovereignty over the hedge, this reef is the Japanese pence without objection, but stressed that the island is not a ruddy bird. China cited ;, that The bird is red rocks, and maritime resource development in Japan in the sovereignty of the examine nigh the island only 40 square kilometers; red bird of the island, then fastened the 200 sea miles continental shelf would be Japan's exclusive economic area. to the Pacific is wealthy deposits to the needy island country of Japan, Japan certainly decided to win. And this sea, equitable east of China into the Pacific Ocean must pass via, I actually go to Japan, not to say the resources, even the research container fleet can not be lightly had, let solo everything another.
Okinotori between the rocks on the island dispute, non-stop daytime, also talked approximately many times, in the foreseeable time of time will not have results .
Li Mu signed story belongs to incipient lyricist, retain all rights. Reprinted with the writer, amuse adjoin
such a seemingly hard and rapid rules, flexibility is quite magnificent. period is 10 annuals ago, and given sufficient time because always countries. not merely in the squabbled waters, there are countries namely sprint into the sea of different opinions, still have to take the side of the talks narrated apt the country itself. International Convention ashore the effectiveness of the unity from all parties, the State celebration is voluntary contract, and assorted worldwide conventions have absentee, has a long coastline of the United States is not the Bird aboard a Pacific coral reef,guangzhou escort, situated in southeast China's Taiwan Province, south of the Tropic of Cancer, 20 degrees 25 minutes north latitude,beijing massage, 136 degrees 05 minutes eastern longitude. . Here is the southernmost tip of the territory demanded at Japan.
related issues in the dispute by the long-.2004 Dec. 9, in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at a press regular conference, a journalist asked: The Government says in its exclusive economic Okinotori waters, there a Chinese marine survey ship. China's comment? have another outlooks, the Chinese side believes that China is on the tall seas marine research vessel conducting customary scientific investigation. We hope Japan to remain lull. Shintaro Ishihara to attend Beijing Olympics,shenzhen escort, China is quite a friendly style. In this, he relied on confrontation with China .2005 mixing embark he had that synthetic red bird on the helipad, waving flag,shenzhen massage, the clamor when. < br> Japan invoked the island, the Japanese enjoy the accord,this namely almost a important accident in the destiny of us entire ., China's marine research boat entered its exclusive economic area ought be advised 2 months ago.
To make this more favor a few chips of rock island, the Japanese investment since 1988 the digit of ten billion yen will be secondhand to concrete and steel reinforcement, built a helicopter pad, but has no lasting, even more disappointing is that the facility was severely damaged in the hurricane.
birds of China acknowledged Japan's sovereignty over the hedge, this reef is the Japanese pence without objection, but stressed that the island is not a ruddy bird. China cited ;, that The bird is red rocks, and maritime resource development in Japan in the sovereignty of the examine nigh the island only 40 square kilometers; red bird of the island, then fastened the 200 sea miles continental shelf would be Japan's exclusive economic area. to the Pacific is wealthy deposits to the needy island country of Japan, Japan certainly decided to win. And this sea, equitable east of China into the Pacific Ocean must pass via, I actually go to Japan, not to say the resources, even the research container fleet can not be lightly had, let solo everything another.
Okinotori between the rocks on the island dispute, non-stop daytime, also talked approximately many times, in the foreseeable time of time will not have results .
Li Mu signed story belongs to incipient lyricist, retain all rights. Reprinted with the writer, amuse adjoin
she would favor 8
Saturday ( March 27 ), the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) in reaction to universal change, one advocate as the world , hoping the whole world to perform in the lights for 1 hour a day 20:30-21:30 To remind you namely overwhelmed the globe , we have to love the earth , enthusiasm for the surroundings . That night in array apt participate in this event , by 7 pm After banquet Aimy more quickly will melodrama the piano, she would favor 8:30 ,shanghai massage, when a kin Stroll away , and mentioned the maximum environmentally friendly way . Unfortunately,toronto escorts, while the pointer points to 8:30 ,shanghai massage, I saw out the window and did no see many light by that moment out. this event should be mentioned that many people know ,shenzhen massage, But the response too mini , so was somewhat disappointed. If this moment tin not answer ,favor plants and birds for pterosaurs. At present, not to advert hard to do anything later .
the residents live here annual circular suspected stray feline House
Source: Beijing Evening News December 28, 2008 New Street space
Jing Xian Hui child stray pearly cat accident
lost his legs in the cat bowl cut stump
(Reporter Wei Song ) opt for the white legs cut off, the residents live here annual circular suspected stray cat House, home to five downstairs cats year round,8th Floor -806, residents in the passageway put a few cat bowl, fill it each daytime and put some water and food, cats will eat their own ran side along side to curry prefer with feeding. Yesterday at noon, Xu she and residents put attach a mini cat fish bowl, but also funny cat funny to eat in pregnancy. Then they either went upstairs, 3 minutes later, while Miss Wang took the cat food and then brained down the stairs ,beijing massage, but found that cat has evaporated, the cat bowl cat legs two bloody shocking.
Miss Wang later base curled in the turn screaming yellow cat and dissimilar cat, the additional 3 cats are no looked , meantime the cat and yellow cat uncharacteristically differentiating anybody to hide. Wang namely suspected of two white cats legs argue namely not cried, quite likable.
journalist above the scene saw 2 cats in a long, an short thigh, respectively,shanghai massage, one arm and a leg, the across section formation, suspected apt be sword mow off the altitude the blood has solidified.
do not understand who did it? Hui Xinyuan Street area opposite the current zone, the constantly the dwellers to take the cat trash, cat edible also put rat poison. until the behavior of dwellers was only afterward we found restraint.
face in front of other cats below the wild hand. noon while we put the cat upstairs and dart the legs in the basin,shenzhen massage, is this is a demonstration you? gazed, how could something do this? I will be having dreams tonight! viewpoint, but the face of this child that cats are mishandling of the incident, behaving aggressively.
It is understood namely the digit of stray cats in Beijing conservative estimate of 20 million more. on the Internet, news about people and movie cat damage not uncommon, and even a large spread, emulate the air. cat lovers extra than inflame, and some will fire a web of fashionable , City Small Animal Protection Association issued a staff initiative to the public: Control the digit of stray cats, treat small lives, not forsook, not damage. . cats are alive animals, but also have dignity. We also call as conservation of small animals, I wish the authority introduced the Animal Protection Act as presently as possible.
Moreover, it is not mawkish,shanghai escort, not cat folk and cat human weary of the issue, merely too to remedy the cat is not only a problem of people who are bloody to beasts , who is too simple to violence, which is a statistical fact. from society, or from the outlook of social setting, to subserve the legislation are nigh the corner!
Related Reading:
cruelty to animals and maniacal offenses interlocked
Jing Xian Hui child stray pearly cat accident
lost his legs in the cat bowl cut stump
(Reporter Wei Song ) opt for the white legs cut off, the residents live here annual circular suspected stray cat House, home to five downstairs cats year round,8th Floor -806, residents in the passageway put a few cat bowl, fill it each daytime and put some water and food, cats will eat their own ran side along side to curry prefer with feeding. Yesterday at noon, Xu she and residents put attach a mini cat fish bowl, but also funny cat funny to eat in pregnancy. Then they either went upstairs, 3 minutes later, while Miss Wang took the cat food and then brained down the stairs ,beijing massage, but found that cat has evaporated, the cat bowl cat legs two bloody shocking.
Miss Wang later base curled in the turn screaming yellow cat and dissimilar cat, the additional 3 cats are no looked , meantime the cat and yellow cat uncharacteristically differentiating anybody to hide. Wang namely suspected of two white cats legs argue namely not cried, quite likable.
journalist above the scene saw 2 cats in a long, an short thigh, respectively,shanghai massage, one arm and a leg, the across section formation, suspected apt be sword mow off the altitude the blood has solidified.
do not understand who did it? Hui Xinyuan Street area opposite the current zone, the constantly the dwellers to take the cat trash, cat edible also put rat poison. until the behavior of dwellers was only afterward we found restraint.
face in front of other cats below the wild hand. noon while we put the cat upstairs and dart the legs in the basin,shenzhen massage, is this is a demonstration you? gazed, how could something do this? I will be having dreams tonight! viewpoint, but the face of this child that cats are mishandling of the incident, behaving aggressively.
It is understood namely the digit of stray cats in Beijing conservative estimate of 20 million more. on the Internet, news about people and movie cat damage not uncommon, and even a large spread, emulate the air. cat lovers extra than inflame, and some will fire a web of fashionable , City Small Animal Protection Association issued a staff initiative to the public: Control the digit of stray cats, treat small lives, not forsook, not damage. . cats are alive animals, but also have dignity. We also call as conservation of small animals, I wish the authority introduced the Animal Protection Act as presently as possible.
Moreover, it is not mawkish,shanghai escort, not cat folk and cat human weary of the issue, merely too to remedy the cat is not only a problem of people who are bloody to beasts , who is too simple to violence, which is a statistical fact. from society, or from the outlook of social setting, to subserve the legislation are nigh the corner!
Related Reading:
cruelty to animals and maniacal offenses interlocked
livestock coerce extra than 2 thirds of rustic power
Friends first came to India, will watch a strange amusing phenomenon: cars come to the metropolis streets, small groups blatantly swimming cow promenaded, India Tourism medium of the street lying some simply, the things around back from the dead, a truce of idea like overweening, and among the various types of conveyances, pedestrians dodging, around them. cattle, seems to become the masters of the metropolis, and who has become a visitor of the.
This is unique in India worship the God of cattle the most common and extensive phenomena. One time, in the frequented marts, saw a massive bull broke into a fruit stand, left right move a flash, a few on either sides of Tanchuang only on the import of mangoes. stall holders do not fret, just slow it Hongzou. there one a.m. and saw an Indian middle-aged male bought a few stalls in the snack cake, to fared a few approximate the old head cattle. cow and a jaws to swallow a leisurely shaking his tail, it seems that this early taste beautiful good.
in Bangalore, I visited a noted temple of cattle. inside a monster honors Bronze Bull, Banwo the head there about three meters high. According to legend, locally grown peanuts, which aggregate to steal cattle. One daytime, I do not understand what people were killed in the floor peanuts. The next day, it was discovered that a number of sub-long cow, the third day, and long high a lot. cattle kept longer, causing people to dread mm oxen down disaster. So people built a temple in place, it enshrines in the temple. In this way, the bull stopped growing taller. So, peanuts have become indispensable offerings. every year on the square in front of the temple to clutch a grand festival of the peanut festival, sacrificial oxen. This thing is true, obviously can not test, but people adored cattle is real. tour guide told us that in India, higher than this temple there is a lot more cattle. Of course, those who do not eat beef peanuts, too.
In India, the cow, yet subject to special conservation. In India, in addition to two states (Ximeng Bang and Kerala), the other portions of the massacre of cattle in the law is disallowed. prohibiting the slaughter Cows, the Constitution of India plainly provides.
cow worship God in India can be narrated as lingering a long history. myths and legends of the destruction of one of the three important gods Shiva, the mount is a bull. for a long time accompanied with the Lord God, cattle it too has spiritual, or Aiwujiwu, in short, people likewise pay homage to cattle. all overthe front of the temple of Shiva throughout India, there have to be a bull statue. mostly lying in the stone upon, some built on a small Pavilion, a divide temple. sculpture of a stone, bronze, and has a general symbol, there are contrived in color, entire is lusty morale alive. cow statue covered with garlands, to share the honor of the Lord God-like .
Once, during a visit to a temple, they found debate navigate from the temple to a pearly powder, coated the plenary forehead was luminous white. I am quaint to ask what it is, what efficacy. He told me It is devoutly appealed to God bless, cured calamity evil spirits. To my magnificent startle, that the white powder turned out to be cow dung flaming in the ash. He annotated that this train is in order to caution myself not to forget the individual is ignoble, ordinary mutual, is Nothing, favor cow dung everywhere to show their devotion and honor the gods. guide me a mini good ambition to be divided at, and I know that, but still harbor respectfully firmly rejected. I calculate a lot of bad things malign in the world, such as war, environmental erasure, etc., traced from an individual or people creatures are increasingly distending longings of it. For those plucky, arrogant, who, The forehead is fiercely hurl their muck ash, wake-up phone about.
way, some practices are not flattering. For instance, some places in cattle urine as medicine, some people drink fresh cow urine management . peruse about reports of a location to drink cow urine muscular wind, cow urine became a best-selling productions, that are sometimes in the absnece of. However, the cow urine treatment also has its scientific basis, according to a report in cattle urine as the main raw matter The drug has received U.S. patent it.
in India, the oldest religious texts Mother of the past and future, is the mommy of the gods, is the most important thing.
classical epic , which is Omnipotent, the King ambitions someone, it will be sent. which occasioned the king's spite of another, robbing the brain of God and cattle, and triggered a tragic war. epics and some aboard the cow rhyme, to slay the cow and slay his father, treason and other serious offenses the same, should be a chief misdemeanour.
history of bull and cow protection cow m, has a profound basis in reality. India is a traditional agricultural country, self-sufficient small-scale agriculture is the maximum basic way of life of hundreds of millions of farmers. In rural areas, farmers with basic production and living tool gopher is the cow, and it is the maximum important family attribute. agriculture, transmission, planting, farming, sugar, oil extraction, etc., powered mainly by water buffaloes, and milk is even more instantly from the cows. vegetarian Indian farmers m the main prescriptions pasta, beans, rice, milk, anything can not do without water buffaloes for their hard work.
cow dung is an important fuel and fertilizer. cow dung dried and not smell, and flies do not move, it also can be hateful burning baby. disinfection preservative effect of cow dung as well, and its efficacy compared with the water to the Soviet Union. Indian farmers like to take advantage of fresh cow dung spliced to the walls surrounded by watery, dry, afterward more firmly mallet to the wall, and this will activity a warm summer and chilly winter magical effects. excess dung cakes are made of dung, dried dung stack piled round, which is unique in rural areas too winter firewood. drive passing countryside, all see the farm yard fertilizer in a clean pile of blocks. listen people mention how much the size of the pile of cow dung, characterizing the digit of buffaloes,windows 95 fair came out, but also a considerable degree that the owner's wealth. If you do to a dozen or more of the dung pile, most of a large family out.
role of the family cow farmers is decisive, is the core of rural life, is the most important normal resources. ancient India,shanghai massage, wrote the poem, something did not milk the cow, Whose life lost hope. So, in the village, cow is considered a member of the family, by the cautious attention, constantly to water buffaloes bathing , pruning. Hindu festival each year, cows, people thank the cow a year of hard work, content, and alike to the U.S. Thanksgiving.
cow itself, has many virtues: sedulous, hard, obscure, and selfless devotion, eat grass, squeezed out the milk hh visa
fables and romances of India, religious faiths and the reality of joint influence and integration of traditional, Indian cow protection and evolution to the utmost to convert the divine cow worship. Today, keep up with the times with the antique customs still. This is still with the cow in modern India, the essential role of the rural economic in the bar.
the twenty-first centenary, the real rural life in India is still living. for there are still over 700 million planters living in rural areas. Farming is still the vegetarian path of life for thousands of years Indian farmers, many old customs are still here invariably inherited. cow, and living in rural areas are still playing an indispensable role in the kernel. get rid of cattle, is still the biggest inhibit in rural India.
According apt statistics, 200 million Indian bull cow across the nation, accounting because almost a 15 min of world's livestock population. Farmers generally fewer than 1 acre of land, harvest land lonely namely complicated supply to buy harvest machinery, and reserving water buffaloes can still be maintained. is still animal-based farming, cattle compel more than 2 thirds of rural power, and power (approximately half the electricity in rustic zones do not) and oil power merely accounted for about one-tenth. bull India to invest 800 million tons a annual of organic fertilizer and fuel. India has 15 million carts, the cardinal manner of transport in rural areas. Indians are still the main milk beverages in India still is the world's largest milk maker and client. cow, still with the product of modern Indian lives. Thus,shanghai massage, to nourish the customs of one old ox with the adore of cow is still circulating. Hindus deem in reincarnation, and many Indians hope namely their afterward life reincarnation for a cow.
Mahatma Gandhi had urged protection of water buffaloes, primarily cows. He said, from the cow. never passed down. brittle lives. . India, inbound tour addition, there are about 12% of Muslims, nearly 3% of the Christians, about 1.3% of the Sikhs and so on. These people do not eat beef slaughter of cattle in the taboo, especially Muslims, in some grand festival to the cow as a martyrdom. in the last century, between Hindus and Muslims to kill cow Zengyin produced a large-scale bloodshed. In truth, many Hindu festivals, is also killing cattle worship the gods, but not to martyrdom cattle products only.
cow worship of God brings a sequence of social problems. most of the country where cow slaughter is not allowed, and trafficking is unlawful cow, which caused the cattle population only to rise . At present, India has a large livestock 500 million, about half of an old ox. Some people say, blast. those who are sick, elderly and infirm abandoned by the owner of cattle are often unlocked and let it get lost. Thus, there have been a lot of the poor stray cattle wandering around in the cities and villages, peremptory wandering on their own. they hinder vehicle transmitted diseases, manufacturing garbage, environmental pollution, destruction of city.
reality, smuggling, trafficking, embezzling the position is very serious to kill buffaloes. In recent years, the world's major beef producing countries angry crazy cow ailment, it is about the discoloration. India cow fodder for its vegetarian has nought to with the ailment, which was welcomed by the multinational beef consumer. the past 5 years, beef exports to India have doubled In 2003, 14.5 million cow slaughter in India,beijing massage, accounting for the world Four (China 45,000,000 ranks first). In addition, the Indian leather industry is very amplified, there are thousands of tanneries bring an end to ...the country, hiring millions, of leather exports nearly 20 billion greenbacks. driven by lofty profits, Natural lack culprits, many relinquished cattle vanished forever. smuggled his way in, water buffaloes are generally subject to bloody abuse, such as being clouded blind eyes, lust, and other such physical damaged.
outlook of this, liability to maintain the cow in many civilian society unions have been built. They actively enhance the care of water buffaloes, and personally donated or duty to care for neglected cattle. The Government also funded the establishment of neglected cattle, This country has more than 3,000 places. institutionalization of cow capital of New Delhi's largest and can adjust the entire premises million head of cattle outcast. However, the capital of stray cattle in the nearly forty thousand of the more. Delhi High Court has published a tribunal order,toronto escorts, that these capital of stray cattle on the danger should move to other places. or local auction, or sent to other asylums. that work said than done easier said than done it. the streets of Indian capital lane, the penniless old cow who wandered silently still as always.
from the perspective of economic development, defend the cow, that is, the cheap efficiency in the protection of the family as the unit's small-scale farming production and hinder agricultural the popularization of mechanization, thus affecting the liberation and development of rural productivity. God worship cattle into the agricultural bondage and fetters of economy progress.
the general laws of human social development, industrial culture will must replace the agricultural civilization, agriculture seems predestined To become a secondary part of the social and economic development. Even the agricultural country, but also the mechanization of agriculture and industrialization. India's industrialization and urbanization of society, notwithstanding the development is irregular, slow progress in the extensive rural areas, but the trend is still irresistible progress is not reversal of the proportion of agriculture in the national economy declining. as farmer economy plays a central role in the cow, and its gradual replacement by machinery, from the historical stage, it will be the undisputed fact that the near future. then India this a long history of cattle worship of God, the God of cattle resulting mores, its destiny with the outcome, the natural can dream.
think of this, feel some woe for those silent friends. remember Li Bai verse: it. have been gifted glory, nothing more.
This is unique in India worship the God of cattle the most common and extensive phenomena. One time, in the frequented marts, saw a massive bull broke into a fruit stand, left right move a flash, a few on either sides of Tanchuang only on the import of mangoes. stall holders do not fret, just slow it Hongzou. there one a.m. and saw an Indian middle-aged male bought a few stalls in the snack cake, to fared a few approximate the old head cattle. cow and a jaws to swallow a leisurely shaking his tail, it seems that this early taste beautiful good.
in Bangalore, I visited a noted temple of cattle. inside a monster honors Bronze Bull, Banwo the head there about three meters high. According to legend, locally grown peanuts, which aggregate to steal cattle. One daytime, I do not understand what people were killed in the floor peanuts. The next day, it was discovered that a number of sub-long cow, the third day, and long high a lot. cattle kept longer, causing people to dread mm oxen down disaster. So people built a temple in place, it enshrines in the temple. In this way, the bull stopped growing taller. So, peanuts have become indispensable offerings. every year on the square in front of the temple to clutch a grand festival of the peanut festival, sacrificial oxen. This thing is true, obviously can not test, but people adored cattle is real. tour guide told us that in India, higher than this temple there is a lot more cattle. Of course, those who do not eat beef peanuts, too.
In India, the cow, yet subject to special conservation. In India, in addition to two states (Ximeng Bang and Kerala), the other portions of the massacre of cattle in the law is disallowed. prohibiting the slaughter Cows, the Constitution of India plainly provides.
cow worship God in India can be narrated as lingering a long history. myths and legends of the destruction of one of the three important gods Shiva, the mount is a bull. for a long time accompanied with the Lord God, cattle it too has spiritual, or Aiwujiwu, in short, people likewise pay homage to cattle. all overthe front of the temple of Shiva throughout India, there have to be a bull statue. mostly lying in the stone upon, some built on a small Pavilion, a divide temple. sculpture of a stone, bronze, and has a general symbol, there are contrived in color, entire is lusty morale alive. cow statue covered with garlands, to share the honor of the Lord God-like .
Once, during a visit to a temple, they found debate navigate from the temple to a pearly powder, coated the plenary forehead was luminous white. I am quaint to ask what it is, what efficacy. He told me It is devoutly appealed to God bless, cured calamity evil spirits. To my magnificent startle, that the white powder turned out to be cow dung flaming in the ash. He annotated that this train is in order to caution myself not to forget the individual is ignoble, ordinary mutual, is Nothing, favor cow dung everywhere to show their devotion and honor the gods. guide me a mini good ambition to be divided at, and I know that, but still harbor respectfully firmly rejected. I calculate a lot of bad things malign in the world, such as war, environmental erasure, etc., traced from an individual or people creatures are increasingly distending longings of it. For those plucky, arrogant, who, The forehead is fiercely hurl their muck ash, wake-up phone about.
way, some practices are not flattering. For instance, some places in cattle urine as medicine, some people drink fresh cow urine management . peruse about reports of a location to drink cow urine muscular wind, cow urine became a best-selling productions, that are sometimes in the absnece of. However, the cow urine treatment also has its scientific basis, according to a report in cattle urine as the main raw matter The drug has received U.S. patent it.
in India, the oldest religious texts Mother of the past and future, is the mommy of the gods, is the most important thing.
classical epic , which is Omnipotent, the King ambitions someone, it will be sent. which occasioned the king's spite of another, robbing the brain of God and cattle, and triggered a tragic war. epics and some aboard the cow rhyme, to slay the cow and slay his father, treason and other serious offenses the same, should be a chief misdemeanour.
history of bull and cow protection cow m, has a profound basis in reality. India is a traditional agricultural country, self-sufficient small-scale agriculture is the maximum basic way of life of hundreds of millions of farmers. In rural areas, farmers with basic production and living tool gopher is the cow, and it is the maximum important family attribute. agriculture, transmission, planting, farming, sugar, oil extraction, etc., powered mainly by water buffaloes, and milk is even more instantly from the cows. vegetarian Indian farmers m the main prescriptions pasta, beans, rice, milk, anything can not do without water buffaloes for their hard work.
cow dung is an important fuel and fertilizer. cow dung dried and not smell, and flies do not move, it also can be hateful burning baby. disinfection preservative effect of cow dung as well, and its efficacy compared with the water to the Soviet Union. Indian farmers like to take advantage of fresh cow dung spliced to the walls surrounded by watery, dry, afterward more firmly mallet to the wall, and this will activity a warm summer and chilly winter magical effects. excess dung cakes are made of dung, dried dung stack piled round, which is unique in rural areas too winter firewood. drive passing countryside, all see the farm yard fertilizer in a clean pile of blocks. listen people mention how much the size of the pile of cow dung, characterizing the digit of buffaloes,windows 95 fair came out, but also a considerable degree that the owner's wealth. If you do to a dozen or more of the dung pile, most of a large family out.
role of the family cow farmers is decisive, is the core of rural life, is the most important normal resources. ancient India,shanghai massage, wrote the poem, something did not milk the cow, Whose life lost hope. So, in the village, cow is considered a member of the family, by the cautious attention, constantly to water buffaloes bathing , pruning. Hindu festival each year, cows, people thank the cow a year of hard work, content, and alike to the U.S. Thanksgiving.
cow itself, has many virtues: sedulous, hard, obscure, and selfless devotion, eat grass, squeezed out the milk hh visa
fables and romances of India, religious faiths and the reality of joint influence and integration of traditional, Indian cow protection and evolution to the utmost to convert the divine cow worship. Today, keep up with the times with the antique customs still. This is still with the cow in modern India, the essential role of the rural economic in the bar.
the twenty-first centenary, the real rural life in India is still living. for there are still over 700 million planters living in rural areas. Farming is still the vegetarian path of life for thousands of years Indian farmers, many old customs are still here invariably inherited. cow, and living in rural areas are still playing an indispensable role in the kernel. get rid of cattle, is still the biggest inhibit in rural India.
According apt statistics, 200 million Indian bull cow across the nation, accounting because almost a 15 min of world's livestock population. Farmers generally fewer than 1 acre of land, harvest land lonely namely complicated supply to buy harvest machinery, and reserving water buffaloes can still be maintained. is still animal-based farming, cattle compel more than 2 thirds of rural power, and power (approximately half the electricity in rustic zones do not) and oil power merely accounted for about one-tenth. bull India to invest 800 million tons a annual of organic fertilizer and fuel. India has 15 million carts, the cardinal manner of transport in rural areas. Indians are still the main milk beverages in India still is the world's largest milk maker and client. cow, still with the product of modern Indian lives. Thus,shanghai massage, to nourish the customs of one old ox with the adore of cow is still circulating. Hindus deem in reincarnation, and many Indians hope namely their afterward life reincarnation for a cow.
Mahatma Gandhi had urged protection of water buffaloes, primarily cows. He said, from the cow. never passed down. brittle lives. . India, inbound tour addition, there are about 12% of Muslims, nearly 3% of the Christians, about 1.3% of the Sikhs and so on. These people do not eat beef slaughter of cattle in the taboo, especially Muslims, in some grand festival to the cow as a martyrdom. in the last century, between Hindus and Muslims to kill cow Zengyin produced a large-scale bloodshed. In truth, many Hindu festivals, is also killing cattle worship the gods, but not to martyrdom cattle products only.
cow worship of God brings a sequence of social problems. most of the country where cow slaughter is not allowed, and trafficking is unlawful cow, which caused the cattle population only to rise . At present, India has a large livestock 500 million, about half of an old ox. Some people say, blast. those who are sick, elderly and infirm abandoned by the owner of cattle are often unlocked and let it get lost. Thus, there have been a lot of the poor stray cattle wandering around in the cities and villages, peremptory wandering on their own. they hinder vehicle transmitted diseases, manufacturing garbage, environmental pollution, destruction of city.
reality, smuggling, trafficking, embezzling the position is very serious to kill buffaloes. In recent years, the world's major beef producing countries angry crazy cow ailment, it is about the discoloration. India cow fodder for its vegetarian has nought to with the ailment, which was welcomed by the multinational beef consumer. the past 5 years, beef exports to India have doubled In 2003, 14.5 million cow slaughter in India,beijing massage, accounting for the world Four (China 45,000,000 ranks first). In addition, the Indian leather industry is very amplified, there are thousands of tanneries bring an end to ...the country, hiring millions, of leather exports nearly 20 billion greenbacks. driven by lofty profits, Natural lack culprits, many relinquished cattle vanished forever. smuggled his way in, water buffaloes are generally subject to bloody abuse, such as being clouded blind eyes, lust, and other such physical damaged.
outlook of this, liability to maintain the cow in many civilian society unions have been built. They actively enhance the care of water buffaloes, and personally donated or duty to care for neglected cattle. The Government also funded the establishment of neglected cattle, This country has more than 3,000 places. institutionalization of cow capital of New Delhi's largest and can adjust the entire premises million head of cattle outcast. However, the capital of stray cattle in the nearly forty thousand of the more. Delhi High Court has published a tribunal order,toronto escorts, that these capital of stray cattle on the danger should move to other places. or local auction, or sent to other asylums. that work said than done easier said than done it. the streets of Indian capital lane, the penniless old cow who wandered silently still as always.
from the perspective of economic development, defend the cow, that is, the cheap efficiency in the protection of the family as the unit's small-scale farming production and hinder agricultural the popularization of mechanization, thus affecting the liberation and development of rural productivity. God worship cattle into the agricultural bondage and fetters of economy progress.
the general laws of human social development, industrial culture will must replace the agricultural civilization, agriculture seems predestined To become a secondary part of the social and economic development. Even the agricultural country, but also the mechanization of agriculture and industrialization. India's industrialization and urbanization of society, notwithstanding the development is irregular, slow progress in the extensive rural areas, but the trend is still irresistible progress is not reversal of the proportion of agriculture in the national economy declining. as farmer economy plays a central role in the cow, and its gradual replacement by machinery, from the historical stage, it will be the undisputed fact that the near future. then India this a long history of cattle worship of God, the God of cattle resulting mores, its destiny with the outcome, the natural can dream.
think of this, feel some woe for those silent friends. remember Li Bai verse: it. have been gifted glory, nothing more.
4 月 5 日
List of the World Festival New Year's Day
1 月 1 月 5 日
1 Lunar New Year festival
Chuba Laba Festival
twelfth lunar December 23,whom everybody can, xxiv Kitchen God
1 月perfume partition 12
1 月 19 to open the Singapore Muslim festival
Sarkozy last Sunday of January every year the International Leprosy Day
Lunar New Year's Eve December
first lunar month Spring Festival / Buddha value of Ash Sri Lanka (Hoche) ant sinica Festival (Zhuang) / Huashan Festival (Miao) White Day (Mongolian) / expansion spire section (Lahu)
2 月 1 日
2 月 2 Pet Festival on World Wetlands Day Lunar New Year Lantern Festival
/ Bang Bang Club (Naxi) / Fireworks Festival (Dong)
first lunar month,shanghai escort, sixteen to twenty Dong Lusheng Festival
fill locations in the 1st lunar month festival
twenty-five the first lunar month to mail the meager at twenty-nine
2 月 7 days the end of Carnival (Brazil)
2 月 24 日 Third World Youth Day,toronto escorts, International Day
3 月 1 Day
3 月 3 seals on the day of Ear Care Day / Peach Blossom (Japanese girl section)
Lunar New Year Festival in February the birds first day of Yao Ji Chun
first two days of Lunar New Year Festival in February / She will be pro-eighth day of lunar month
Lisu Lisu ethnic Arbor Day / Flower Festival
3 月 5 Sunday School from Lei Feng Day < br> 3 月 8 International Women's Day, Arbor Day
3 月 12 日 14 月
3 Day International Police Day
3 15 International Consumer Rights Day
3 月 17 日 St. Patrick's Day (Ireland)
3 月 21 publish of World Forest Day, World Day
3 月 22 melodies on World Water Day / World Sleep Day
3 月 23 World Meteorological Day
3 月 24 World Day Prevention
TB Day final Monday of March every year in safety pedagogy at primary educate
Wa Lunar Planting Day on March 15
lunar month fifteen to twenty-five Bai March Street
4 月 1 on April Fool's Day
4 月 5 日
4 Ching Ming Festival World Health Day 月 7 月 9 日 Philippines
4 courage at
4 13 ~ 15 Thai Songkran / Thai Songkran / Thai New Year
4 月 17 日 Food Festival (Singapore)
4 月 20 日 Philippines Maundy Thursday
4 月 22 World Earth Day
4 月 24
on World Youth Day of Solidarity April 25 Readers Festival / World Children's Day
the last Wednesday of April each year the International Festival
5 月 1 Secretary of the International Labour Day
5 月 4 日 China Youth
5 月 5 日Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Day / Boys Day (Japan)
livestock potentate of the lunar eighth day of Christmas
5 月 8 Day World Red Cross Day
second Sunday of May each year the International Mother's Day Lunar 4
eighteen months Xibe section
5 月 12 Westward Movement Day International Nurses Day
5 15 International Day of Families
5 月 17 World Telecommunication Day
5 月 18 Day International Museum Day
The third Sunday of May each year the National Disabled Day
5 月 20 on the day of student nutrition at
5 月 25 日 Fitness Festival
5 月 23 International Day of breast at
5 月 31 Day World No Tobacco Day / Bank Holiday (UK)
6 月 1 Day International Children's Day on May fifth day Lunar New Year Dragon Boat Festival
6 月 4 Day International Day
6 月 5 World Environment Day
June 6 at the National Eye
third Sunday of June each year the International Lunar May 13 Father's Day
Songkran
Achang Ewenki Lunar May 22 meters broad Lu Festival
Lunar May 29 Yao Danu Festival
6 月 16 Day to Combat Desertification and Drought
6 月 23 Day International Olympic Day
6 月 25 on the day of the land at
6 月 26 日International Anti-Narcotics Day
7 月 1 Day China *** Birth Day, International Day of the
7 月 3 Day International Cooperation Festival
7 月 7 日 Chinese People's War Memorial
sixth days of the lunar month Field Day Festival Zhuang / Yao epistemic Lunar Festival
Torch
7 June 24 ashore World Population Day 月 11 月 15 日
7 Ghost
7 月 16 Day time cook
Yi Torch Festival July 25 月 1 日
8 Army
8 月 2 Japan Friendship Festival
8 月 8 日 Sisters Festival
July seventh day Valentines Day / Daughter Day
Dong eat Lunar July 13 July 15 China's new section
Halloween / Bon / Pumi turn the mountain
9 月 8 International Literacy / International Federation of Journalists at
9 9 months old
9 月 10 日 Day Teacher's Day Chinese Lunar New Year Mid-Autumn Festival
the third Tuesday of each September the International Day of Peace International Day
9 月 16 Ozone Layer Protection Day
9 月 20 International Day Love Teeth Day
the fourth Sunday of each September the International Day of the Deaf
9 月 27 Day World Tourism Day
10 月 1 National Day,shanghai escort, the International Music Day
October 2nd Day
international truce skirmish the first Wednesday in October each year the International Day because Natural Disaster Reduction
10 on World Animal Day 月 4 月 4 日
10 lunar respect ninth day at
Chung Yeung Festival
the first Monday of October each year the International Day
10 月 8 housing on the day of Hypertension Day, World Sight Day
10 月 9 on World Post Day
10 月 14 on World Standards Day
10 月 10 日 Beer Festival (Oktoberfest,beijing massage, Germany)
10 15 International Festival
10 月 16 blind on World Food Day / Boss Day
10 月 17 World Day to Overcome Extreme Poverty
United Nations Day, October 24 月 31 日
10 Western Halloween / Pumpkin Festival (North USA) / World thrifty progenitors who started at
Lunar Festival October 16 October
Lunar Festival
11 Pan Wang Yao Chinese journalists on May 8 月 9 日
11 Fire Awareness Day
11 月 14 World Diabetes Day
11 月 17 International Day Festival
11 students last week of four American Thanksgiving Day
December 1 World AIDS Day
12 月 3 Day World Day of Disabled Persons
12 月 5 Japanese in social economic evolution of the International Volunteer Day
12 月 8 日 of the Immaculate Conception at
12 月 9 World Football Day at
12 月 10 Day World Human Rights Day / Nobel
12 月 19 days return, Macau Winter Festival
12 the first day of Hanukkah Christmas Eve
12 月 24 月
12 月 25 Christmas 26 Boxing Day
12 月 29 International Day of biodiversity
1 月 1 月 5 日
1 Lunar New Year festival
Chuba Laba Festival
twelfth lunar December 23,whom everybody can, xxiv Kitchen God
1 月perfume partition 12
1 月 19 to open the Singapore Muslim festival
Sarkozy last Sunday of January every year the International Leprosy Day
Lunar New Year's Eve December
first lunar month Spring Festival / Buddha value of Ash Sri Lanka (Hoche) ant sinica Festival (Zhuang) / Huashan Festival (Miao) White Day (Mongolian) / expansion spire section (Lahu)
2 月 1 日
2 月 2 Pet Festival on World Wetlands Day Lunar New Year Lantern Festival
/ Bang Bang Club (Naxi) / Fireworks Festival (Dong)
first lunar month,shanghai escort, sixteen to twenty Dong Lusheng Festival
fill locations in the 1st lunar month festival
twenty-five the first lunar month to mail the meager at twenty-nine
2 月 7 days the end of Carnival (Brazil)
2 月 24 日 Third World Youth Day,toronto escorts, International Day
3 月 1 Day
3 月 3 seals on the day of Ear Care Day / Peach Blossom (Japanese girl section)
Lunar New Year Festival in February the birds first day of Yao Ji Chun
first two days of Lunar New Year Festival in February / She will be pro-eighth day of lunar month
Lisu Lisu ethnic Arbor Day / Flower Festival
3 月 5 Sunday School from Lei Feng Day < br> 3 月 8 International Women's Day, Arbor Day
3 月 12 日 14 月
3 Day International Police Day
3 15 International Consumer Rights Day
3 月 17 日 St. Patrick's Day (Ireland)
3 月 21 publish of World Forest Day, World Day
3 月 22 melodies on World Water Day / World Sleep Day
3 月 23 World Meteorological Day
3 月 24 World Day Prevention
TB Day final Monday of March every year in safety pedagogy at primary educate
Wa Lunar Planting Day on March 15
lunar month fifteen to twenty-five Bai March Street
4 月 1 on April Fool's Day
4 月 5 日
4 Ching Ming Festival World Health Day 月 7 月 9 日 Philippines
4 courage at
4 13 ~ 15 Thai Songkran / Thai Songkran / Thai New Year
4 月 17 日 Food Festival (Singapore)
4 月 20 日 Philippines Maundy Thursday
4 月 22 World Earth Day
4 月 24
on World Youth Day of Solidarity April 25 Readers Festival / World Children's Day
the last Wednesday of April each year the International Festival
5 月 1 Secretary of the International Labour Day
5 月 4 日 China Youth
5 月 5 日Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Day / Boys Day (Japan)
livestock potentate of the lunar eighth day of Christmas
5 月 8 Day World Red Cross Day
second Sunday of May each year the International Mother's Day Lunar 4
eighteen months Xibe section
5 月 12 Westward Movement Day International Nurses Day
5 15 International Day of Families
5 月 17 World Telecommunication Day
5 月 18 Day International Museum Day
The third Sunday of May each year the National Disabled Day
5 月 20 on the day of student nutrition at
5 月 25 日 Fitness Festival
5 月 23 International Day of breast at
5 月 31 Day World No Tobacco Day / Bank Holiday (UK)
6 月 1 Day International Children's Day on May fifth day Lunar New Year Dragon Boat Festival
6 月 4 Day International Day
6 月 5 World Environment Day
June 6 at the National Eye
third Sunday of June each year the International Lunar May 13 Father's Day
Songkran
Achang Ewenki Lunar May 22 meters broad Lu Festival
Lunar May 29 Yao Danu Festival
6 月 16 Day to Combat Desertification and Drought
6 月 23 Day International Olympic Day
6 月 25 on the day of the land at
6 月 26 日International Anti-Narcotics Day
7 月 1 Day China *** Birth Day, International Day of the
7 月 3 Day International Cooperation Festival
7 月 7 日 Chinese People's War Memorial
sixth days of the lunar month Field Day Festival Zhuang / Yao epistemic Lunar Festival
Torch
7 June 24 ashore World Population Day 月 11 月 15 日
7 Ghost
7 月 16 Day time cook
Yi Torch Festival July 25 月 1 日
8 Army
8 月 2 Japan Friendship Festival
8 月 8 日 Sisters Festival
July seventh day Valentines Day / Daughter Day
Dong eat Lunar July 13 July 15 China's new section
Halloween / Bon / Pumi turn the mountain
9 月 8 International Literacy / International Federation of Journalists at
9 9 months old
9 月 10 日 Day Teacher's Day Chinese Lunar New Year Mid-Autumn Festival
the third Tuesday of each September the International Day of Peace International Day
9 月 16 Ozone Layer Protection Day
9 月 20 International Day Love Teeth Day
the fourth Sunday of each September the International Day of the Deaf
9 月 27 Day World Tourism Day
10 月 1 National Day,shanghai escort, the International Music Day
October 2nd Day
international truce skirmish the first Wednesday in October each year the International Day because Natural Disaster Reduction
10 on World Animal Day 月 4 月 4 日
10 lunar respect ninth day at
Chung Yeung Festival
the first Monday of October each year the International Day
10 月 8 housing on the day of Hypertension Day, World Sight Day
10 月 9 on World Post Day
10 月 14 on World Standards Day
10 月 10 日 Beer Festival (Oktoberfest,beijing massage, Germany)
10 15 International Festival
10 月 16 blind on World Food Day / Boss Day
10 月 17 World Day to Overcome Extreme Poverty
United Nations Day, October 24 月 31 日
10 Western Halloween / Pumpkin Festival (North USA) / World thrifty progenitors who started at
Lunar Festival October 16 October
Lunar Festival
11 Pan Wang Yao Chinese journalists on May 8 月 9 日
11 Fire Awareness Day
11 月 14 World Diabetes Day
11 月 17 International Day Festival
11 students last week of four American Thanksgiving Day
December 1 World AIDS Day
12 月 3 Day World Day of Disabled Persons
12 月 5 Japanese in social economic evolution of the International Volunteer Day
12 月 8 日 of the Immaculate Conception at
12 月 9 World Football Day at
12 月 10 Day World Human Rights Day / Nobel
12 月 19 days return, Macau Winter Festival
12 the first day of Hanukkah Christmas Eve
12 月 24 月
12 月 25 Christmas 26 Boxing Day
12 月 29 International Day of biodiversity
there namely a special Japanese TV outlet. South Korea
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accordance with the provincial government and the State Tourism Bureau and the instructions apt learn from the famous seacoast resort of worldwide evolution experience, combined with metropolis group, and hasten the development of passenger seaboard resort in Shandong Province, 2003 In late November to late December, the Provincial Tourism Bureau organized a three seacoast vacation delegation, led along the Bureau and, respectively, went to Mediterranean Spain, France, Italy, Malta, the Caribbean, Brazil, Mexico, the United States, South Pacific Australia, New Zealand and additional countries, aboard the famous seaside city, isles and coastal cities such as outside the seaside tourist resort type were investigated. during the World Tourism Organization Secretary General met with relevant national and local tourism authorities dispute interchange, it namely visit sandy beach, water sports, resort hotels and transmission, restaurants, shopping, distraction, nightlife and other facilities, received the anticipated results. inspection scope, the content of the real, the achieve of the good for the nation only to discern the voyage industry *** . now learn reports on the situation as with:
a exotic beach resort tourism development in the basic situation
beach holiday in Europe is the birthplace of the early 20th centenary, the Mediterranean coastal resort famous seaside tourist center in the world. World War II France, Spain, the United States and Italy accounted for 30%, respectively seaside holiday in developed countries. Only the Mediterranean now receiving international visitors each year hundreds of millions of times, of which 85% streams to Spain, Italy, France and Turkey waterfront.
Islands and many other resort in the classic international 2002 year, Spain received 51.3 million international tourists trips, tourism revenue 37 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 12% of GDP, providing 150 million jobs, beach holiday honor. which , 3640 km2 of the island of Majorca, the tourist season every 1.5 minutes of the airport planes catching off and landing one, annual tourists reached 10 million people, of whom more than 90% of international visitors, representing Shandong received 10 times of tourists, tourism revenue of 70 billion euros, 70% of the island's population employed in tourism and related industries.
the world's first tourist destination in France, south of the Mediterranean, the west by the Atlantic Ocean, cried the holiday heaven for tourists. France, the number of annual vacation more than 60%, half the people choose to go to the beach area vacation .2002 76.7 million people received international tourists, accounting for 10.7% of the world tourism market, tourism revenue 34.5 billion euros, equivalent to 7% of GDP, tourism accounts for hired humans 7.5% of total employment.
Italy 7300 km coastline, beach tourism is well developed beach resort the year 1999 received 106 million tourists trips, accounting for 34% of the total received, far along of a cloud of attractions, vocational beach tour company 12000. the southern Campania district, tourism revenues in 2002 equivalent to 20% of GDP, seaside tourism accounted for 65% of domestic tourism, international travel accounted for 55%.
island of Malta area of 316 square kilometers, population of 370,000. the country will the beautiful island scenery and deep history and culture incorporate to develop holiday, the annual reception of international visitors 1.1 million people, is 3 times its population, 246 million tourism revenue Maltese lira, the equivalent of economy total 1 / 3, tourism revenue accounted for 22% of revenue, providing a 1 / 3 of jobs, including beach holiday close to the tourist industry endowed 50%.
South Pacific island of New Zealand, consists of ten several islands and islets, is a typical representative of marine culture. subtropical northern Gulf islands spread, the unique coastal scenery, many Hot Springs. The country attaches excellent magnitude to tourism, the tourism industry to determine the leading industry for the new economic .2002 inbound tourists 1.96 million travelers, the total output of 14.6 billion Singapore dollars of tourism, accounting for 10% of GDP, has become the country's largest backup earner, providing 10% of the country jobs. the afterward 5 years, the number of tourists throughout New Zealand will increase by 50 %.
Australia is the smallest continent on Earth, is also the largest island with a coastline of 36,000 km. the special geographical and climatic conditions, so that various types of beaches, bays and coastal scenery colorful, unique, a seaside resort tourism destination, the Gold Coast,beijing escort, the world famous Great Barrier Reef. In 2002, the Australian inbound tourists 4,841,200 passengers, the total output of 70.8 billion Australian tourism industry, more than the traditional agricultural and mining industry, accounting for 4.5% of GDP ; tourism earned 17.0 billion Australian dollars, is the largest commerce in services export industry; tourism practitioners of total employment accounted for 9%.
Brazil is the world's largest tropical country 8,000 kilometers of coastline is dotted with many smart scenic beaches . The colorful country full of tropical scenery, the unique charm of the cultural landscape advantages, the development of seaside holidays. In recent years tourism has become one of the fastest growing industries in Brazil .2001 4.8 million foreign tourists trips, representing South America received 33.14% of total area, tourism earned 3.7 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for foreign exchange in South America 32.74% travel to determination the employment of 600 million people.
Mexico is one of the world's altitude ten famous tourist, many coastal islands, coastlines 16000 km 70 to 80 years .20 century, the Mexican government selected 5 deserted beach, development and construction of the Cancun, Los Cabos and other five major seaside resort, created in the international development of resort area the size of government success stories. visitors to travel to Mexico, the first goal by seaside .2002 visitors elegance cruise to the Mexican people over 4.78 million, accounting for 65% of the world's cruise tourism .2002 19.7 million foreign tourists the country people, acquired $ 8,858,000,000 tourism revenue accounted for 9.5% of GDP, providing more than 170 million direct employment opportunities, tourism is Mexico's third largest pillar industry.
U.S. coastline 22,680 km. east, west and south beach has many attractive seaside resort land. U.S. 230 million people each year go to the seaside tourist .2002 up to 1 million passengers over 45.4 million U.S. visitors inbound tourists, the world No. 3, Hawaii is located in the North Pacific, the 132 islands, 1,500 miles in length, average annual temperature is 25 ℃ ~ 30 ℃, is the world famous tourist resort, 2000, 7 million annual tourists trips, tourism revenue 10.9 billion, both damaging the previous log, tourism revenues accounted for 60% of GDP. the state tariff, fatigue employment, most of the residents depend on private earnings contribution of the tourism industry.
two opener seaside resort tourism development features
(a) of the seaside resort rich tourism products. To improve the attractiveness of seaside resort tourism, tourism products enrich and gradually fashioned a bathing beach, water sports, cultural tourism, theme parks, folk and special tourism activities comprised in the project, composed of seaside resort tourism products system to encounter the tourists in a location a long time purchaser demand for leisure. < br> seaside resort tourism is the main attraction 3S (sun, sea, beach), and their related waters of beaches and coastal landscape composition. Beach is a seaside holiday one of the basic facilities essential to the general movement by the water area, swimming area, sunbathing area, beach play area, ancillary facilities and bar facilities, providing and other configuration service component, the space open, patchwork, some extending several kilometers. I saw, emancipate, therapeutic, benches, wooden sidewalks, fresh water flushing facilities. To meet the needs of the family holiday, far away from the sea with more facilities for children's play activities. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil's largest port city, 90 km-long city beach, there are 30 places on the natural beach, one of the most Bach Long Beach 18 kilometers in length. Some of these beaches waves surge high, suitable for surfing and water sports to carry out; some sand as white as jade, svelte and soft, is to carry out beach volleyball, beach soccer, sand ideal for sports place. Paxi Ya resort in northern New Zealand, the world distribution of rare immense up to 140 kilometers of beach. Australia's Gold Coast, Surfers Paradise, wide beach, Burleigh Beach is known around the world Hite beach and beach sports sites. Cancun, Mexico, is a 21 km long, 400 meters Kuanjin snake island, there is a 20 km long beach of white sand beach, covered with nice sand formed by the weathering of coral, was named 7th largest beach resort, north and south conferences, the World Trade Organization General Assembly and other major international conferences held in this .2002 300 million annual tourists, tourism foreign exchange income of 32 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for foreign exchange in Mexico travel 36%.
the past 10 years, with the gradual manhood of seaside holiday,shanghai massage, with most closely, the most uncommon feature is the sports tourism project. In particular, golf has become increasingly fashionable seaside resort of sports tourism. Spanish National Tourism Board's current promotion and commercial slogan is The average 120 km one. 77 golf courses in Hawaii, with an average 216 square kilometers 1, many hotels have their own stadium. for the wealthy seaman sports, the Spanish set up more than 300 sailing clubs, Mallorca Palma Port will be built on recess. Malta beach no vantage, but with Paradise Bay, Gold Harbour, more than 10 renowned bay. the efforts to create surfing, fishing, paragliding, water skiing, air wave embark and other sports, and held golf, tennis, horse racing, squash, classical automobile accidents tall descriptions, so that activity into Malta seaside holiday resort emphatic features. Hawaii has become a world famous water sports center, many world-class water sports championships are held here, bringing all the sports competitions of 2.4 billion dollars in revenue.
seaside resort tourism product diversification is also reflected in culture and history combining. The resort full of history and cultural resources, the cultural relics, salons, folk customs, culture and other products into the seaside resort. Blue Coast is a French masterpiece the Holy One, the country launched the Museum Pass . To highlight the local specifics, historical and cultural resources focus on the development of Naples to Pompeii as the backdrop, summer open-air large-scale organizational performance. Spain fired the tours, food tours, ecology walks, art tours, private tours with a clear theme building tourism products, giving beach holiday to the rich cultural connotations. The resort focus on orthodox culture, innovation, promotion and display . Rio de Janeiro, the Brazilian samba, football culture and beach holiday together, Cancun, Mayan cultural sites will be around day trips into the scope of holidaymakers. Hawaii full inheritance and reproduction of the local indigenous culture handed down, production most local features, the most acceptable tourism projects.
theme park by the seaside resort of tourists are also greet. Australia's Gold Coast, the city's population of nearly 50 million people, 80% were busy in the tourism industry. The city has 60 golf than Stadium, 12 citizen parks, there are Speed exciting project, which attracted a large number of juvenile adventurous tourists. Melbourne, the construction of the relinquished gold bomb theme park, retention the original antique streets and mine, visitors tin not only watch the original gold deep underground, mining tools, View Gold Rush epoch of analog membrane, also screening in the Jinsha rill gold. Los Angeles to major entertainment and tourism development as the leadership theme park, integrated tourism project in the world to enjoy high visibility. Travel less than a single product, plans Hong Kong in Afghanistan Ventura to build a civilization approximately the world, the contents of a large theme park, with a total investment of 400 million to 5 million euros, the company hired Danish devise, a design fee of 500 million to 600 million euros , the goal is to attract visitors each year 300 million people. These greatly additional theme park resort destination reputation, bright, dynamic and exciting level, with the beaches and other landscapes are interdependent, a tourist resort, principally youth and family visitors must dos.
the resort to a variety of special activities, beach holiday full of vitality. France Azur major tourism cities Yan Zheng-qi Dou, perennial spring, a rose celebration, film celebration, a Formula One Grand Prix, Jazz Festival in summer, Jasmine Festival, held in a small village in autumn chestnut festival, Grape Festival, Mushroom Festival, winter acrobatic, lemon festival, carnival, Mimosa Festival, described as and endless. the sweetness of reputation earthquake, frequently organizing conferences, exhibitions and other events to enhance tourism attraction .2002 1345 held major international conferences and national meetings will be held in 2004, the World Urban Forum of Cultures, including the 4 exhibitions, melody events , celebration activities, there are 6 million people took part, expected to attract 150 million international tourists. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in late mid-year 2 Carnival, held grand samba ***, a watch and to attract international tourists booking projects in only 4 days holiday in Rio de Janeiro can attract 40 million visitors. about every month throughout the year in Mallorca folk festivals, such as the San. Antonio Festival, Carnival, Easter, Moros Festival Large Folk Art Festival and Christmas, and often hold some traditional sports competitions, such as the bonfire celebration, pluck of campaign competitions.
(b) of the seaside resort tourism support services, improving and perfecting. To meet the needs of different levels of holiday visitors , the resort built a 7 different types of accommodation: (1) star hotel. high-end hotels are mostly built on the coast, and maximize the sea view chamber. Palma Bay Mallorca Island approximately 3 km of the coast, the focus 4 star, 5 star hotel 6, effectively for the wealthy class, conference and stimulus travel vacation tourists. Some hotels located in palaces, castles, old buildings or natural loveliness, the unique charm, as high consumer services. (2) family hotel. a long history, simplicity and has a family atmosphere, in small towns and villages are more prevalent. (3) holiday apartments. fully furnished, suitable for families and groups, most of the press a week or two accrue . (4) camping sites. government regulations allowed only in appointed camping site. Spain has 1,200 camping many sites can accommodate 65 people. (5) Youth Hostel. belonging to the local youth sports unions to form a nationwide network of for young people and students. (6) village inn. With the rapid and holiday villages appeared to village understood for the normal context and folk customs. (7) spa. to provide treatment facilities and type of rehabilitation services, sports fitness tourists , an ideal place to relax. Hawaiian resort hotels, business hotels, vacation homes, condo hotel and timeshare hotels and other hotels, apartment occupancy rate of 83%. in Sydney's Bondi Beach Avenue inside, covered with a variety of low-star hotel room, balcony, platform, decorated with chairs and coffee table, set the open gate of the hotel bar. Mallorca spa and thalassotherapy lusty product development, four-star hotels and upon Piyou outside and indoor swimming pond, and some hotel also has a fitness center pretended sea water, artificial sea water heating. Tangalooma Australia, the main tourist attraction is the night in the navel reaches of the beach from the sea to feed savage dolphins, but also in 70 kinds of different colors of sand on a sand island sand sliding .1981, the Australian brothers in a family home with 200 million Australian dollars to purchase 20 hectares of land development in this island resort has so far provided 25 million Australian dollars to build resorts.
as convenient for visitors to enjoy a distinctive dining, the beach and city streets, with a large number of restaurants and bars serving local cuisine, specialty coffees, brandy and beverages. French cuisine and brandy, pasta and pizza, roast, Spain and seafood, braised hare and Lan Puka Malta fish trays are local to attract tourists. development of a waterfront Naples, Italy, holiday villages, and vigorously promote pizza. Spain edible diversification as an important part of coastal tourism promotion efforts, create a unique dining image, so that food has become a tourism project, local people said humorously: Italian food, Korean barbecue, Japanese food, Chinese food, it also complimented Australia's seafood special, kangaroo beef and wine. 500 in 2004 to create a new 600-seat large dining venue. Sydney Auction Centre in Australia accomplishing seafood distribution the waves of diners barbecue cooking seafood choice. Tangalooma Island cottages for tourists to buy food to cook yourself.
Nightlife is an necessary factor of seaside holiday, and even referred to as unique Spanish coastal city of nightlife, theaters, theaters, concert halls, exhibition halls, convention centers have a diversity of recreational activities, pubs, bars, nightclubs are normally open until 3 am to 4 points, in many places throughout the night. Mallorca built on Europe's largest nightclubs. According to statistics, 80% of tourists visit Spain for 2 more times, 70% more than 4 times and then visitors, 80% of repeat customers is the go to the seaside, nightlife is to attract tourists to revisit an important factor. Australia, New Zealand's three bright specks in the night life is the waterfront plaza, open bar and casino. Keynes inside the harbor opened up a Mei Yin Square, the extensive green space, open land and sophisticated synthetic swimming beach essay, night lights dim, the air mythological. Sydney Opera House and Harbour Bridge in the center of the nightlife scene great honor with all of the buildings lighting outline in the Gulf in the lantern boat shuttle. Opera House, inside and outside the seawall and the street, put the thousands of shopping malls outside the open-air tables and chairs, like the stars on a million lights and sea breezes in the drinking, talking, drinking coffee or dance. Paradise Beach the Gold Coast every night to open night markets , many street representations will give visitors a actual amplify in interest.
(c) a very popular tourist shopping. seaside holiday shopping time visitors are more exuberant. European coastal cities to open the shopping streets, walker street, both for local services, but also a paradise for foreign tourists shopping, travel shopping tourism revenues accounted for the proportion of 60% or more.'s Cross Road, Cannes, France, the Mediterranean-oriented boutique street, visitors can also enjoy the world's known brand and sweeping views. Nice ; the open market, over 600 small business landlords, artists, craftspeople business. Barcelona, Spain, Lamb Las Avenue connection wharf and advertisement center, tourist-intensive countries, the local series of unique souvenirs, second-hand market is full of surprises, Avenue on both sides of the small lane extending row upon row of small shops, unique. the local tourism sector and the municipal sector coordination, standard tourist shopping region, special shopping tours prepared by the Chamber of Commerce members and the tourism sector 50% of the funding, promotion, promotion of shopping tourism. handicraft production center on the island of Majorca, set crafts of Daquan. local farmers attempt a variety of craft workshops and stalls everywhere, every beach on the island, are equipped with relatively neutral of the shopping area. fragrance workshops, pottery workshops, cheese workshop, workshops and other glassware, both tourist spots, but also the shopping area. Australia, New Zealand shopping on the road usually used by tourist information center + shop + shopping public toilets, shopping cache or gas station + (supermarket) + public toilets, or shackle restaurants (with public toilets) + shopping store model. in the tourist area, allowing visitors to access the restaurant and out the door and through the shopping area of natural cleverly. Gold Coast, the Pacific Mall on the beach wide, with 4 large division stores, a supermarket, 260 shops, a children's play center, 12 cinemas, as well as food street, and tourists lounge. handicrafts, souvenirs are unique, with a meaningful tourism promotion shopping + feature.
(d) coastal tourist zone transportation network. holiday travel requires rapid straight international routes and the the intensity of the at the outset. Australia's east beach tourist city each have their own airport, only 12 million people in the city of Cairns, 31 international flights per week to open the line classes, via New Zealand, Guam, Hong Kong, Osaka and Singapore. Gold Coast from Brisbane Class City, only 80 kilometers, yet also opened the access to independence in Japan, Singapore and Hong Kong's international routes and the expansion ambition be greater in 2006, the international airfield. Auckland as New Zealand's largest city, and 10 international routes instantly to Australia, Pacific islands, the United States and South USA, stopping in Sydney, Brisbane and Los Angeles stretched to extra international routes. Spain has 32 international airports, one mean of 1 per 1.58 square kilometers, the tourists went to Spain, 1 / 3 of the plane , the largest of the three routes vehicle are leading to the coastal cities and islands. the French Riviera town of Nice's international airport Fei Bali more than 30 everyday flights, Fei Lundun more than 20 everyday flights. to develop the resort tourist charter business. flew out of the Spanish tourists, approximately 70% take a non-scheduled flights (charter flights). Europe has the strength of massive travel companies are also operating treaty company, has nailed sales channels and customer base membrane. Britain's largest Thomson Holidays travel wholesalers and Germany were the largest tourism wholesalers LTU will be a massive number of tourists with charter flights directly to Mallorca. domestic and regional transportation handy. Spain's rail network to radial delivery as the center of Madrid, covering the whole of Spain Peninsula, and interlocked with the European countries. the French quick train connections and high-speed trains in France and the blue beach and all the major cities of Europe. coastal city transport facilities. The coastal city has a peerless decoration, specifically for open-top double-decker voyage observers Tour Bus. Australia, New Zealand to reside connected with the scenic tour bus alternatively canoe, either tour guides and tourist entertainment, journey warships generally medium-sized catamaran,shanghai massage, colorful, luxurious facilities. in Oakland Bay, pedaling with a Water containers yellow quality and level of honesty of numerous coastal resort city of cities, and some countries, such as a complete resort country. city beautification, cleaning, orderly traffic, and beach matched thespians, seamless. Tourist information services everywhere, the Advisory center, tourist sites and unravel the system of three aspects of instruction, airports, seaports, urban areas,adaptedness foods are assorted. those who absence dietary fiber intake, scenic areas, beaches and according the road are equipped with tourist information center, placed more than 100 tourism brochures, and some also equipped with calculators for self-examination. All lavatory facilities are open to the passers-by, the urban avenues and green space with coin or free toilets, entirely equipped, convenient and neat. signpost city wash inside and outside the eye-catching vehicle nodes. tourism practitioners of good quality, mission travel by bus from the driver and tour adviser, meantime driving, while explaining. resort security of our community dwellers friendly and culture, such as France that environmental elements.
Third, the overseas development of the main tourist beach resort experience and major gaps in Shandong Province
(a) of the main experiences abroad
1. unified scientific planning. Governments of coastal tourism development in highly care to all the provisions of seaside tourism resources for the state, the right to use apportioned to areas accustomed by local government control. national, provincial (state), municipal governments have developed three waterfront development control planning, land use, zoning principles , resort facilities, access roads, environmental conservation, conference facilities, activities, and have made explicit that combination, various types of development have to obey with the unified planning. The Government through the planning and infrastructure construction to control the development intention. Countries also formulate relevant regulations so as to coastal development of decree. there are countries such as Spain, a more absolute seaside creating regulations. Mexico's Cancun is in strict obedience with plans developed beneath the premise, established 30 years ago still play a decisive role in planning. Spanish Blue Sa Luote Island development plan, the building density , height, architectural style, construction materials, distance from the coastline have explicit standards, restricted forbid on the island where 90% of mend mansions, structures not more than 3 layers, and dilute development density, the necessitated tourist facilities and the beach opened a decisive distance, stretch-type waterfall prototype behind into form. Auckland provides Pier 2 / 3 of the land for the yacht service area and the chief amusement area, Melbourne Docklands Harbour District requires all coastal waters to 100 meters away from the establishing to outside , 5% of the land for the construction of resort hotels. Hawaii land subject to strict protection and control, even now landowners have no right to arbitrarily change the maneuver. Italy Campania draft decree stipulates that the personal company Coastal Tourism industry, beaches and waterfront facilities must win the right to manipulate, develop content must comply with regulations and the overall waterfront development arrange. acts of state-owned coastal areas against mining, agricultural livestock land use, industrial deed, accepted the draft is alter from the action of the various buildings on existing water system for changes to the perform, digging, dumping of consume action and collect sand or other material behavior. in the coastal beach areas, from the beach within 600 meters from the border inside, do not permit the construction of the road collateral to the coast and beach. on the beach within 300 meters, does not permit the construction of tourism facilities in residential properties or whichever other form of housing. beach within 600 meters within the boundaries, does not allow the construction of a apparatus for purifying water, waste management facilities and pumping stations.
2. adhere to the mall orientation. accurate source mart positioning development and construction in the resort guide and has a crucial role. seaside holiday market is well received from the constraints of space, but also by cultural and psychological factors. Mexico's most momentous source market situation in its siteline the United States, its cardinal European market positioning near historical and cultural correlates with them in Spain. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the 1st source market is its adjoin Argentina, and no the United States. Australia and New Zealand are regarded as the chief domestic source of tourists, two are each other's largest international source country, emulated by Britain, Japan and the United States. States to converge on market segments, according to the Scale of source markets and the development and construction tactics, product development, accent on targeting and personalization. Spain received 90% of international tourists from Europe, the resort has a specific target groups, respectively, received their visitors, tourists in other European countries, as well as admission sport, retired, youngster and kin vacationers in the resort. for rich European features like a private yacht , Mallorca has adult a number of marinas, a aggregate of 23,000 berths,toronto escorts, parking charge 1,000 euros per night, many members of the royal family, famous stars, film stars, shipping tycoon's personal yacht moored in this annual.
3. innovative promotions. States to enhance efforts in promoting innovation, and exhibit a new picture of tourism. Spanish Main Beach holiday, promotional slogan is Tourism lawful traditions held every year that will be the majjust abouturce markets. Spanish National Tourist Board put 87 million euros for tourism information service facilities, and links to official websites and corporate sites, high rates of return, the state tourism Web site of 4000 2003 kicks to approach 1,000 million. the French government prepared the tourism sector in 2002 to 80.9 million euros ration in 2003 determined to increase the allowance by 40%. State, local governments and private enterprise jointly set up a established in 26 countries, 31 bureaus, responsible for overseas promotion, countries operating expenses in 2002 27.44 million euros. Malta in the world, established 12 tourism offices, including one in Beijing. annual promotional asset 20,000,000 euros, of which government-funded 18 million euros, in the United Kingdom, France, Italy and other countries on the fashion media advertising, participation in international tourism exhibitions at the 1000 press scope. Sydney and the Gold Coast as many as 100 varieties of promotional materials, the use of 11 languages, in array to open up Chinese markets to expand, specifically the development of Chinese language website. Hawaii attracts a large number of Japanese tourists to the island's major tourist facilities have Japanese interpretation system, there is a special Japanese television channel. South Korea, Japan Airlines Honolulu has a high-end companies in the resort, devoted to receiving their visitors.
4. policy fiscal patronize. a sequence of amounts taken by Governments, on the seaside resort tourism development policy of financial advocate given. ... Italy
accordance with the provincial government and the State Tourism Bureau and the instructions apt learn from the famous seacoast resort of worldwide evolution experience, combined with metropolis group, and hasten the development of passenger seaboard resort in Shandong Province, 2003 In late November to late December, the Provincial Tourism Bureau organized a three seacoast vacation delegation, led along the Bureau and, respectively, went to Mediterranean Spain, France, Italy, Malta, the Caribbean, Brazil, Mexico, the United States, South Pacific Australia, New Zealand and additional countries, aboard the famous seaside city, isles and coastal cities such as outside the seaside tourist resort type were investigated. during the World Tourism Organization Secretary General met with relevant national and local tourism authorities dispute interchange, it namely visit sandy beach, water sports, resort hotels and transmission, restaurants, shopping, distraction, nightlife and other facilities, received the anticipated results. inspection scope, the content of the real, the achieve of the good for the nation only to discern the voyage industry *** . now learn reports on the situation as with:
a exotic beach resort tourism development in the basic situation
beach holiday in Europe is the birthplace of the early 20th centenary, the Mediterranean coastal resort famous seaside tourist center in the world. World War II France, Spain, the United States and Italy accounted for 30%, respectively seaside holiday in developed countries. Only the Mediterranean now receiving international visitors each year hundreds of millions of times, of which 85% streams to Spain, Italy, France and Turkey waterfront.
Islands and many other resort in the classic international 2002 year, Spain received 51.3 million international tourists trips, tourism revenue 37 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 12% of GDP, providing 150 million jobs, beach holiday honor. which , 3640 km2 of the island of Majorca, the tourist season every 1.5 minutes of the airport planes catching off and landing one, annual tourists reached 10 million people, of whom more than 90% of international visitors, representing Shandong received 10 times of tourists, tourism revenue of 70 billion euros, 70% of the island's population employed in tourism and related industries.
the world's first tourist destination in France, south of the Mediterranean, the west by the Atlantic Ocean, cried the holiday heaven for tourists. France, the number of annual vacation more than 60%, half the people choose to go to the beach area vacation .2002 76.7 million people received international tourists, accounting for 10.7% of the world tourism market, tourism revenue 34.5 billion euros, equivalent to 7% of GDP, tourism accounts for hired humans 7.5% of total employment.
Italy 7300 km coastline, beach tourism is well developed beach resort the year 1999 received 106 million tourists trips, accounting for 34% of the total received, far along of a cloud of attractions, vocational beach tour company 12000. the southern Campania district, tourism revenues in 2002 equivalent to 20% of GDP, seaside tourism accounted for 65% of domestic tourism, international travel accounted for 55%.
island of Malta area of 316 square kilometers, population of 370,000. the country will the beautiful island scenery and deep history and culture incorporate to develop holiday, the annual reception of international visitors 1.1 million people, is 3 times its population, 246 million tourism revenue Maltese lira, the equivalent of economy total 1 / 3, tourism revenue accounted for 22% of revenue, providing a 1 / 3 of jobs, including beach holiday close to the tourist industry endowed 50%.
South Pacific island of New Zealand, consists of ten several islands and islets, is a typical representative of marine culture. subtropical northern Gulf islands spread, the unique coastal scenery, many Hot Springs. The country attaches excellent magnitude to tourism, the tourism industry to determine the leading industry for the new economic .2002 inbound tourists 1.96 million travelers, the total output of 14.6 billion Singapore dollars of tourism, accounting for 10% of GDP, has become the country's largest backup earner, providing 10% of the country jobs. the afterward 5 years, the number of tourists throughout New Zealand will increase by 50 %.
Australia is the smallest continent on Earth, is also the largest island with a coastline of 36,000 km. the special geographical and climatic conditions, so that various types of beaches, bays and coastal scenery colorful, unique, a seaside resort tourism destination, the Gold Coast,beijing escort, the world famous Great Barrier Reef. In 2002, the Australian inbound tourists 4,841,200 passengers, the total output of 70.8 billion Australian tourism industry, more than the traditional agricultural and mining industry, accounting for 4.5% of GDP ; tourism earned 17.0 billion Australian dollars, is the largest commerce in services export industry; tourism practitioners of total employment accounted for 9%.
Brazil is the world's largest tropical country 8,000 kilometers of coastline is dotted with many smart scenic beaches . The colorful country full of tropical scenery, the unique charm of the cultural landscape advantages, the development of seaside holidays. In recent years tourism has become one of the fastest growing industries in Brazil .2001 4.8 million foreign tourists trips, representing South America received 33.14% of total area, tourism earned 3.7 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for foreign exchange in South America 32.74% travel to determination the employment of 600 million people.
Mexico is one of the world's altitude ten famous tourist, many coastal islands, coastlines 16000 km 70 to 80 years .20 century, the Mexican government selected 5 deserted beach, development and construction of the Cancun, Los Cabos and other five major seaside resort, created in the international development of resort area the size of government success stories. visitors to travel to Mexico, the first goal by seaside .2002 visitors elegance cruise to the Mexican people over 4.78 million, accounting for 65% of the world's cruise tourism .2002 19.7 million foreign tourists the country people, acquired $ 8,858,000,000 tourism revenue accounted for 9.5% of GDP, providing more than 170 million direct employment opportunities, tourism is Mexico's third largest pillar industry.
U.S. coastline 22,680 km. east, west and south beach has many attractive seaside resort land. U.S. 230 million people each year go to the seaside tourist .2002 up to 1 million passengers over 45.4 million U.S. visitors inbound tourists, the world No. 3, Hawaii is located in the North Pacific, the 132 islands, 1,500 miles in length, average annual temperature is 25 ℃ ~ 30 ℃, is the world famous tourist resort, 2000, 7 million annual tourists trips, tourism revenue 10.9 billion, both damaging the previous log, tourism revenues accounted for 60% of GDP. the state tariff, fatigue employment, most of the residents depend on private earnings contribution of the tourism industry.
two opener seaside resort tourism development features
(a) of the seaside resort rich tourism products. To improve the attractiveness of seaside resort tourism, tourism products enrich and gradually fashioned a bathing beach, water sports, cultural tourism, theme parks, folk and special tourism activities comprised in the project, composed of seaside resort tourism products system to encounter the tourists in a location a long time purchaser demand for leisure. < br> seaside resort tourism is the main attraction 3S (sun, sea, beach), and their related waters of beaches and coastal landscape composition. Beach is a seaside holiday one of the basic facilities essential to the general movement by the water area, swimming area, sunbathing area, beach play area, ancillary facilities and bar facilities, providing and other configuration service component, the space open, patchwork, some extending several kilometers. I saw, emancipate, therapeutic, benches, wooden sidewalks, fresh water flushing facilities. To meet the needs of the family holiday, far away from the sea with more facilities for children's play activities. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil's largest port city, 90 km-long city beach, there are 30 places on the natural beach, one of the most Bach Long Beach 18 kilometers in length. Some of these beaches waves surge high, suitable for surfing and water sports to carry out; some sand as white as jade, svelte and soft, is to carry out beach volleyball, beach soccer, sand ideal for sports place. Paxi Ya resort in northern New Zealand, the world distribution of rare immense up to 140 kilometers of beach. Australia's Gold Coast, Surfers Paradise, wide beach, Burleigh Beach is known around the world Hite beach and beach sports sites. Cancun, Mexico, is a 21 km long, 400 meters Kuanjin snake island, there is a 20 km long beach of white sand beach, covered with nice sand formed by the weathering of coral, was named 7th largest beach resort, north and south conferences, the World Trade Organization General Assembly and other major international conferences held in this .2002 300 million annual tourists, tourism foreign exchange income of 32 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for foreign exchange in Mexico travel 36%.
the past 10 years, with the gradual manhood of seaside holiday,shanghai massage, with most closely, the most uncommon feature is the sports tourism project. In particular, golf has become increasingly fashionable seaside resort of sports tourism. Spanish National Tourism Board's current promotion and commercial slogan is The average 120 km one. 77 golf courses in Hawaii, with an average 216 square kilometers 1, many hotels have their own stadium. for the wealthy seaman sports, the Spanish set up more than 300 sailing clubs, Mallorca Palma Port will be built on recess. Malta beach no vantage, but with Paradise Bay, Gold Harbour, more than 10 renowned bay. the efforts to create surfing, fishing, paragliding, water skiing, air wave embark and other sports, and held golf, tennis, horse racing, squash, classical automobile accidents tall descriptions, so that activity into Malta seaside holiday resort emphatic features. Hawaii has become a world famous water sports center, many world-class water sports championships are held here, bringing all the sports competitions of 2.4 billion dollars in revenue.
seaside resort tourism product diversification is also reflected in culture and history combining. The resort full of history and cultural resources, the cultural relics, salons, folk customs, culture and other products into the seaside resort. Blue Coast is a French masterpiece the Holy One, the country launched the Museum Pass . To highlight the local specifics, historical and cultural resources focus on the development of Naples to Pompeii as the backdrop, summer open-air large-scale organizational performance. Spain fired the tours, food tours, ecology walks, art tours, private tours with a clear theme building tourism products, giving beach holiday to the rich cultural connotations. The resort focus on orthodox culture, innovation, promotion and display . Rio de Janeiro, the Brazilian samba, football culture and beach holiday together, Cancun, Mayan cultural sites will be around day trips into the scope of holidaymakers. Hawaii full inheritance and reproduction of the local indigenous culture handed down, production most local features, the most acceptable tourism projects.
theme park by the seaside resort of tourists are also greet. Australia's Gold Coast, the city's population of nearly 50 million people, 80% were busy in the tourism industry. The city has 60 golf than Stadium, 12 citizen parks, there are Speed exciting project, which attracted a large number of juvenile adventurous tourists. Melbourne, the construction of the relinquished gold bomb theme park, retention the original antique streets and mine, visitors tin not only watch the original gold deep underground, mining tools, View Gold Rush epoch of analog membrane, also screening in the Jinsha rill gold. Los Angeles to major entertainment and tourism development as the leadership theme park, integrated tourism project in the world to enjoy high visibility. Travel less than a single product, plans Hong Kong in Afghanistan Ventura to build a civilization approximately the world, the contents of a large theme park, with a total investment of 400 million to 5 million euros, the company hired Danish devise, a design fee of 500 million to 600 million euros , the goal is to attract visitors each year 300 million people. These greatly additional theme park resort destination reputation, bright, dynamic and exciting level, with the beaches and other landscapes are interdependent, a tourist resort, principally youth and family visitors must dos.
the resort to a variety of special activities, beach holiday full of vitality. France Azur major tourism cities Yan Zheng-qi Dou, perennial spring, a rose celebration, film celebration, a Formula One Grand Prix, Jazz Festival in summer, Jasmine Festival, held in a small village in autumn chestnut festival, Grape Festival, Mushroom Festival, winter acrobatic, lemon festival, carnival, Mimosa Festival, described as and endless. the sweetness of reputation earthquake, frequently organizing conferences, exhibitions and other events to enhance tourism attraction .2002 1345 held major international conferences and national meetings will be held in 2004, the World Urban Forum of Cultures, including the 4 exhibitions, melody events , celebration activities, there are 6 million people took part, expected to attract 150 million international tourists. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in late mid-year 2 Carnival, held grand samba ***, a watch and to attract international tourists booking projects in only 4 days holiday in Rio de Janeiro can attract 40 million visitors. about every month throughout the year in Mallorca folk festivals, such as the San. Antonio Festival, Carnival, Easter, Moros Festival Large Folk Art Festival and Christmas, and often hold some traditional sports competitions, such as the bonfire celebration, pluck of campaign competitions.
(b) of the seaside resort tourism support services, improving and perfecting. To meet the needs of different levels of holiday visitors , the resort built a 7 different types of accommodation: (1) star hotel. high-end hotels are mostly built on the coast, and maximize the sea view chamber. Palma Bay Mallorca Island approximately 3 km of the coast, the focus 4 star, 5 star hotel 6, effectively for the wealthy class, conference and stimulus travel vacation tourists. Some hotels located in palaces, castles, old buildings or natural loveliness, the unique charm, as high consumer services. (2) family hotel. a long history, simplicity and has a family atmosphere, in small towns and villages are more prevalent. (3) holiday apartments. fully furnished, suitable for families and groups, most of the press a week or two accrue . (4) camping sites. government regulations allowed only in appointed camping site. Spain has 1,200 camping many sites can accommodate 65 people. (5) Youth Hostel. belonging to the local youth sports unions to form a nationwide network of for young people and students. (6) village inn. With the rapid and holiday villages appeared to village understood for the normal context and folk customs. (7) spa. to provide treatment facilities and type of rehabilitation services, sports fitness tourists , an ideal place to relax. Hawaiian resort hotels, business hotels, vacation homes, condo hotel and timeshare hotels and other hotels, apartment occupancy rate of 83%. in Sydney's Bondi Beach Avenue inside, covered with a variety of low-star hotel room, balcony, platform, decorated with chairs and coffee table, set the open gate of the hotel bar. Mallorca spa and thalassotherapy lusty product development, four-star hotels and upon Piyou outside and indoor swimming pond, and some hotel also has a fitness center pretended sea water, artificial sea water heating. Tangalooma Australia, the main tourist attraction is the night in the navel reaches of the beach from the sea to feed savage dolphins, but also in 70 kinds of different colors of sand on a sand island sand sliding .1981, the Australian brothers in a family home with 200 million Australian dollars to purchase 20 hectares of land development in this island resort has so far provided 25 million Australian dollars to build resorts.
as convenient for visitors to enjoy a distinctive dining, the beach and city streets, with a large number of restaurants and bars serving local cuisine, specialty coffees, brandy and beverages. French cuisine and brandy, pasta and pizza, roast, Spain and seafood, braised hare and Lan Puka Malta fish trays are local to attract tourists. development of a waterfront Naples, Italy, holiday villages, and vigorously promote pizza. Spain edible diversification as an important part of coastal tourism promotion efforts, create a unique dining image, so that food has become a tourism project, local people said humorously: Italian food, Korean barbecue, Japanese food, Chinese food, it also complimented Australia's seafood special, kangaroo beef and wine. 500 in 2004 to create a new 600-seat large dining venue. Sydney Auction Centre in Australia accomplishing seafood distribution the waves of diners barbecue cooking seafood choice. Tangalooma Island cottages for tourists to buy food to cook yourself.
Nightlife is an necessary factor of seaside holiday, and even referred to as unique Spanish coastal city of nightlife, theaters, theaters, concert halls, exhibition halls, convention centers have a diversity of recreational activities, pubs, bars, nightclubs are normally open until 3 am to 4 points, in many places throughout the night. Mallorca built on Europe's largest nightclubs. According to statistics, 80% of tourists visit Spain for 2 more times, 70% more than 4 times and then visitors, 80% of repeat customers is the go to the seaside, nightlife is to attract tourists to revisit an important factor. Australia, New Zealand's three bright specks in the night life is the waterfront plaza, open bar and casino. Keynes inside the harbor opened up a Mei Yin Square, the extensive green space, open land and sophisticated synthetic swimming beach essay, night lights dim, the air mythological. Sydney Opera House and Harbour Bridge in the center of the nightlife scene great honor with all of the buildings lighting outline in the Gulf in the lantern boat shuttle. Opera House, inside and outside the seawall and the street, put the thousands of shopping malls outside the open-air tables and chairs, like the stars on a million lights and sea breezes in the drinking, talking, drinking coffee or dance. Paradise Beach the Gold Coast every night to open night markets , many street representations will give visitors a actual amplify in interest.
(c) a very popular tourist shopping. seaside holiday shopping time visitors are more exuberant. European coastal cities to open the shopping streets, walker street, both for local services, but also a paradise for foreign tourists shopping, travel shopping tourism revenues accounted for the proportion of 60% or more.'s Cross Road, Cannes, France, the Mediterranean-oriented boutique street, visitors can also enjoy the world's known brand and sweeping views. Nice ; the open market, over 600 small business landlords, artists, craftspeople business. Barcelona, Spain, Lamb Las Avenue connection wharf and advertisement center, tourist-intensive countries, the local series of unique souvenirs, second-hand market is full of surprises, Avenue on both sides of the small lane extending row upon row of small shops, unique. the local tourism sector and the municipal sector coordination, standard tourist shopping region, special shopping tours prepared by the Chamber of Commerce members and the tourism sector 50% of the funding, promotion, promotion of shopping tourism. handicraft production center on the island of Majorca, set crafts of Daquan. local farmers attempt a variety of craft workshops and stalls everywhere, every beach on the island, are equipped with relatively neutral of the shopping area. fragrance workshops, pottery workshops, cheese workshop, workshops and other glassware, both tourist spots, but also the shopping area. Australia, New Zealand shopping on the road usually used by tourist information center + shop + shopping public toilets, shopping cache or gas station + (supermarket) + public toilets, or shackle restaurants (with public toilets) + shopping store model. in the tourist area, allowing visitors to access the restaurant and out the door and through the shopping area of natural cleverly. Gold Coast, the Pacific Mall on the beach wide, with 4 large division stores, a supermarket, 260 shops, a children's play center, 12 cinemas, as well as food street, and tourists lounge. handicrafts, souvenirs are unique, with a meaningful tourism promotion shopping + feature.
(d) coastal tourist zone transportation network. holiday travel requires rapid straight international routes and the the intensity of the at the outset. Australia's east beach tourist city each have their own airport, only 12 million people in the city of Cairns, 31 international flights per week to open the line classes, via New Zealand, Guam, Hong Kong, Osaka and Singapore. Gold Coast from Brisbane Class City, only 80 kilometers, yet also opened the access to independence in Japan, Singapore and Hong Kong's international routes and the expansion ambition be greater in 2006, the international airfield. Auckland as New Zealand's largest city, and 10 international routes instantly to Australia, Pacific islands, the United States and South USA, stopping in Sydney, Brisbane and Los Angeles stretched to extra international routes. Spain has 32 international airports, one mean of 1 per 1.58 square kilometers, the tourists went to Spain, 1 / 3 of the plane , the largest of the three routes vehicle are leading to the coastal cities and islands. the French Riviera town of Nice's international airport Fei Bali more than 30 everyday flights, Fei Lundun more than 20 everyday flights. to develop the resort tourist charter business. flew out of the Spanish tourists, approximately 70% take a non-scheduled flights (charter flights). Europe has the strength of massive travel companies are also operating treaty company, has nailed sales channels and customer base membrane. Britain's largest Thomson Holidays travel wholesalers and Germany were the largest tourism wholesalers LTU will be a massive number of tourists with charter flights directly to Mallorca. domestic and regional transportation handy. Spain's rail network to radial delivery as the center of Madrid, covering the whole of Spain Peninsula, and interlocked with the European countries. the French quick train connections and high-speed trains in France and the blue beach and all the major cities of Europe. coastal city transport facilities. The coastal city has a peerless decoration, specifically for open-top double-decker voyage observers Tour Bus. Australia, New Zealand to reside connected with the scenic tour bus alternatively canoe, either tour guides and tourist entertainment, journey warships generally medium-sized catamaran,shanghai massage, colorful, luxurious facilities. in Oakland Bay, pedaling with a Water containers yellow quality and level of honesty of numerous coastal resort city of cities, and some countries, such as a complete resort country. city beautification, cleaning, orderly traffic, and beach matched thespians, seamless. Tourist information services everywhere, the Advisory center, tourist sites and unravel the system of three aspects of instruction, airports, seaports, urban areas,adaptedness foods are assorted. those who absence dietary fiber intake, scenic areas, beaches and according the road are equipped with tourist information center, placed more than 100 tourism brochures, and some also equipped with calculators for self-examination. All lavatory facilities are open to the passers-by, the urban avenues and green space with coin or free toilets, entirely equipped, convenient and neat. signpost city wash inside and outside the eye-catching vehicle nodes. tourism practitioners of good quality, mission travel by bus from the driver and tour adviser, meantime driving, while explaining. resort security of our community dwellers friendly and culture, such as France that environmental elements.
Third, the overseas development of the main tourist beach resort experience and major gaps in Shandong Province
(a) of the main experiences abroad
1. unified scientific planning. Governments of coastal tourism development in highly care to all the provisions of seaside tourism resources for the state, the right to use apportioned to areas accustomed by local government control. national, provincial (state), municipal governments have developed three waterfront development control planning, land use, zoning principles , resort facilities, access roads, environmental conservation, conference facilities, activities, and have made explicit that combination, various types of development have to obey with the unified planning. The Government through the planning and infrastructure construction to control the development intention. Countries also formulate relevant regulations so as to coastal development of decree. there are countries such as Spain, a more absolute seaside creating regulations. Mexico's Cancun is in strict obedience with plans developed beneath the premise, established 30 years ago still play a decisive role in planning. Spanish Blue Sa Luote Island development plan, the building density , height, architectural style, construction materials, distance from the coastline have explicit standards, restricted forbid on the island where 90% of mend mansions, structures not more than 3 layers, and dilute development density, the necessitated tourist facilities and the beach opened a decisive distance, stretch-type waterfall prototype behind into form. Auckland provides Pier 2 / 3 of the land for the yacht service area and the chief amusement area, Melbourne Docklands Harbour District requires all coastal waters to 100 meters away from the establishing to outside , 5% of the land for the construction of resort hotels. Hawaii land subject to strict protection and control, even now landowners have no right to arbitrarily change the maneuver. Italy Campania draft decree stipulates that the personal company Coastal Tourism industry, beaches and waterfront facilities must win the right to manipulate, develop content must comply with regulations and the overall waterfront development arrange. acts of state-owned coastal areas against mining, agricultural livestock land use, industrial deed, accepted the draft is alter from the action of the various buildings on existing water system for changes to the perform, digging, dumping of consume action and collect sand or other material behavior. in the coastal beach areas, from the beach within 600 meters from the border inside, do not permit the construction of the road collateral to the coast and beach. on the beach within 300 meters, does not permit the construction of tourism facilities in residential properties or whichever other form of housing. beach within 600 meters within the boundaries, does not allow the construction of a apparatus for purifying water, waste management facilities and pumping stations.
2. adhere to the mall orientation. accurate source mart positioning development and construction in the resort guide and has a crucial role. seaside holiday market is well received from the constraints of space, but also by cultural and psychological factors. Mexico's most momentous source market situation in its siteline the United States, its cardinal European market positioning near historical and cultural correlates with them in Spain. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the 1st source market is its adjoin Argentina, and no the United States. Australia and New Zealand are regarded as the chief domestic source of tourists, two are each other's largest international source country, emulated by Britain, Japan and the United States. States to converge on market segments, according to the Scale of source markets and the development and construction tactics, product development, accent on targeting and personalization. Spain received 90% of international tourists from Europe, the resort has a specific target groups, respectively, received their visitors, tourists in other European countries, as well as admission sport, retired, youngster and kin vacationers in the resort. for rich European features like a private yacht , Mallorca has adult a number of marinas, a aggregate of 23,000 berths,toronto escorts, parking charge 1,000 euros per night, many members of the royal family, famous stars, film stars, shipping tycoon's personal yacht moored in this annual.
3. innovative promotions. States to enhance efforts in promoting innovation, and exhibit a new picture of tourism. Spanish Main Beach holiday, promotional slogan is Tourism lawful traditions held every year that will be the majjust abouturce markets. Spanish National Tourist Board put 87 million euros for tourism information service facilities, and links to official websites and corporate sites, high rates of return, the state tourism Web site of 4000 2003 kicks to approach 1,000 million. the French government prepared the tourism sector in 2002 to 80.9 million euros ration in 2003 determined to increase the allowance by 40%. State, local governments and private enterprise jointly set up a established in 26 countries, 31 bureaus, responsible for overseas promotion, countries operating expenses in 2002 27.44 million euros. Malta in the world, established 12 tourism offices, including one in Beijing. annual promotional asset 20,000,000 euros, of which government-funded 18 million euros, in the United Kingdom, France, Italy and other countries on the fashion media advertising, participation in international tourism exhibitions at the 1000 press scope. Sydney and the Gold Coast as many as 100 varieties of promotional materials, the use of 11 languages, in array to open up Chinese markets to expand, specifically the development of Chinese language website. Hawaii attracts a large number of Japanese tourists to the island's major tourist facilities have Japanese interpretation system, there is a special Japanese television channel. South Korea, Japan Airlines Honolulu has a high-end companies in the resort, devoted to receiving their visitors.
4. policy fiscal patronize. a sequence of amounts taken by Governments, on the seaside resort tourism development policy of financial advocate given. ... Italy
26 Esperanto was founded ashore the 1st day
Chinese celebration schedule ,beijing escort
last January,shenzhen escort, World Day to Combat Leprosy Day on Sunday
1 New Year's Day,shanghai massage, February
2 Day World Wetlands Day
10 Day International Weather Festival < br> 14 Valentine's Day
15 日 China's 1.2 billion population day
24 日 Third World Youth Day
28 Day World examine above the alive conditions of Chinese New Year Lantern Festival
March
Last Monday in safety teaching at primary and secondary students in China
1 Day International Day
3 on the day of seals Ear Care Day
5 日 Chinese Young Volunteers Service Day at learning from Lei Feng Day International Women's Day
8
12 日 Chinese Arbor Day
14 Day International Police Day (Day)
15 Day International Consumer Rights Day
16 日 Hand in Hand Heart, junior partner of privation at the citizen unified movement
17 日China National Medical International Maritime Day Festival
18 on the day of talent Day
21 Day World Sleep Day World Forestry Day (World Forest Day) World anthems at
22
23 World Water Day,shenzhen massage, World Day Weather Day
24 Day World TB Day on April
month the National Patriotic Health World Children's Day the third Sunday of the final Wednesday
1 International Day Secretary's Day April Fool's Day < br> 2 Day International Children's Book Day
7 World Health Day
21 on the day of Entrepreneurs at
22 Law of the World World Earth Day at
23 Day World Book and Copyright Day
24th eastern Journalists at
25 on the day of Immunization Day
26
27 World Intellectual Property Day on Japan Union City Traffic Safety
30 Day of Reflection on the day of May
Mother's Day the second Sunday at
assist impoverished moms, the third Tuesday of the third International Day
National Disabled Day on Sunday
1 International Labour Day on World Asthma Day
3
4 日 anniversary of the May Fourth Movement in China Youth Science and Technology Communication at
5 on the day of Iodine Deficiency Disorders Prevention Day on World Red Cross Day
8 World Smile Day
12 Day International Nurses Day
15 International Day of Families (Counseling) at the 17th World Telecommunication Day
18 Iodine Deficiency Disorders Awareness Day on the day of the World Museum Day
19 on the day of the Chinese Disabled Day
20 日 breastfeeding days. Chinese students nourishment at
26 at the World Challenge Day to the person condition
30 days > Safety Month
Safety Advisory second day Sunday, the third Sunday of Father's Day
1 Day International Children's Day
5 World Environment Day
6 on the day of Sight Day
11 日 China's population at
17 World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought
22 日 China Children Charity Day
23 Day International Olympic Day at the World Handball
25 on the day of Land Day
26 International Day Against Drug Abuse (International Anti-Drugs Day) at the International Charter (Charter Day)
30 Day World Youth Festival
the first Saturday of July
1 日 International Cooperation Festival Party Birthday Asia Reunification Day International Day of the 3.0 billion population day
2 Day International Sports Press Day
7 日 anniversary of the Chinese People's War 5.0 billion
11 Day World Population Day World Population Day
26 Esperanto was founded on the 1st day
August World Breastfeeding Week from Monday
1 日 Army
6 Day International Film Festival
8 日 Chinese male (dad) Section 15 officially announced the unconditional concession of Japan at
26 on the day of lawful counsel at
the third Tuesday in September
the third International Day of National Defense Education Day on Saturday, the fourth Sunday
World Deaf Day
the last Sunday in the World Maritime Day World Heart Day 2 日 至
9 月 8 日 mm National Traffic Safety Awareness Week
3 日 Sino-Japanese War Victory Day
8 日 International News operators (unity) at the World Literacy Day
10 日 China on World Teacher's Day
14
16 Earth Day Clean Day International Ozone Layer Protection Day
18 日 National Humiliation Day
20 Mukden at the National Love Teeth Day
21 International Day of Peace on World Tourism Day
27
Mid-Autumn Festival (2003-9-11 Thursday)
on the first Monday in October
international housing the second Wednesday of the International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction
prerequisite to help the age daily Day Chung Yeung Festival
1 National Day International Day International Day as the Elderly
2 Day International Peace (and democracy liberty skirmish) at
4 Day World Animal Day
8 on the day of blood pressure control on left-handed at the International World Sight Day on World Post Day
9 (UPU Day)
10 日 Revolution Memorial room at the World Health Day World Mental Health Day
13 日 birth of the Chinese Young Pioneers at the International Teacher's Day World Health Day with Greenwich Mean Time on the international criterion period on World Standards Day
14
15 Day ( 16?) International Blind Day (White Cane Day)
16 Day World Food Day
17 World Day to Overcome Extreme Poverty
22 Day World Traditional Medicine Day
24 United Nations Day World Development Information Day < br> 28 Day World Health Day
31 men on World thrift
Double Ninth Festival on November
first Zhouquan Guo Food Hygiene Awareness Week the fourth Thursday of Thanksgiving
< br> 8 日 press section
9 日 China China Fire Awareness Day (Fire Festival)
10 Day World Youth Day (Japan)
14 Day World Diabetes Day
17 Combat Day International Student Festival (International Student Day)
20 Day World Children's Day,apt stand and be williapt to be eaten at tigers, McDonald's China Development Company ambition be officially launched along the end of October Violence against women
1 December, World AIDS Awareness Day
3 Day World Day of Disabled Persons
4 日 China Legal Publicity Day
5 Day (Economic and Social Development) International Volunteers by the World Disabled Day
7 International Civil Aviation Day
9 日 anniversary of the December Ninth Movement Day
11 World Soccer World Day against the disease at the anniversary of the Xi'an Incident
12 日
13, the anniversary of the Nanjing Massacre
15 Day World Immunization Day World Day of Disabled Persons
20
21 commemoration of the handover, Macau International Day Basketball Day
24 Christmas Eve
25 Christmas Day
last January,shenzhen escort, World Day to Combat Leprosy Day on Sunday
1 New Year's Day,shanghai massage, February
2 Day World Wetlands Day
10 Day International Weather Festival < br> 14 Valentine's Day
15 日 China's 1.2 billion population day
24 日 Third World Youth Day
28 Day World examine above the alive conditions of Chinese New Year Lantern Festival
March
Last Monday in safety teaching at primary and secondary students in China
1 Day International Day
3 on the day of seals Ear Care Day
5 日 Chinese Young Volunteers Service Day at learning from Lei Feng Day International Women's Day
8
12 日 Chinese Arbor Day
14 Day International Police Day (Day)
15 Day International Consumer Rights Day
16 日 Hand in Hand Heart, junior partner of privation at the citizen unified movement
17 日China National Medical International Maritime Day Festival
18 on the day of talent Day
21 Day World Sleep Day World Forestry Day (World Forest Day) World anthems at
22
23 World Water Day,shenzhen massage, World Day Weather Day
24 Day World TB Day on April
month the National Patriotic Health World Children's Day the third Sunday of the final Wednesday
1 International Day Secretary's Day April Fool's Day < br> 2 Day International Children's Book Day
7 World Health Day
21 on the day of Entrepreneurs at
22 Law of the World World Earth Day at
23 Day World Book and Copyright Day
24th eastern Journalists at
25 on the day of Immunization Day
26
27 World Intellectual Property Day on Japan Union City Traffic Safety
30 Day of Reflection on the day of May
Mother's Day the second Sunday at
assist impoverished moms, the third Tuesday of the third International Day
National Disabled Day on Sunday
1 International Labour Day on World Asthma Day
3
4 日 anniversary of the May Fourth Movement in China Youth Science and Technology Communication at
5 on the day of Iodine Deficiency Disorders Prevention Day on World Red Cross Day
8 World Smile Day
12 Day International Nurses Day
15 International Day of Families (Counseling) at the 17th World Telecommunication Day
18 Iodine Deficiency Disorders Awareness Day on the day of the World Museum Day
19 on the day of the Chinese Disabled Day
20 日 breastfeeding days. Chinese students nourishment at
26 at the World Challenge Day to the person condition
30 days > Safety Month
Safety Advisory second day Sunday, the third Sunday of Father's Day
1 Day International Children's Day
5 World Environment Day
6 on the day of Sight Day
11 日 China's population at
17 World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought
22 日 China Children Charity Day
23 Day International Olympic Day at the World Handball
25 on the day of Land Day
26 International Day Against Drug Abuse (International Anti-Drugs Day) at the International Charter (Charter Day)
30 Day World Youth Festival
the first Saturday of July
1 日 International Cooperation Festival Party Birthday Asia Reunification Day International Day of the 3.0 billion population day
2 Day International Sports Press Day
7 日 anniversary of the Chinese People's War 5.0 billion
11 Day World Population Day World Population Day
26 Esperanto was founded on the 1st day
August World Breastfeeding Week from Monday
1 日 Army
6 Day International Film Festival
8 日 Chinese male (dad) Section 15 officially announced the unconditional concession of Japan at
26 on the day of lawful counsel at
the third Tuesday in September
the third International Day of National Defense Education Day on Saturday, the fourth Sunday
World Deaf Day
the last Sunday in the World Maritime Day World Heart Day 2 日 至
9 月 8 日 mm National Traffic Safety Awareness Week
3 日 Sino-Japanese War Victory Day
8 日 International News operators (unity) at the World Literacy Day
10 日 China on World Teacher's Day
14
16 Earth Day Clean Day International Ozone Layer Protection Day
18 日 National Humiliation Day
20 Mukden at the National Love Teeth Day
21 International Day of Peace on World Tourism Day
27
Mid-Autumn Festival (2003-9-11 Thursday)
on the first Monday in October
international housing the second Wednesday of the International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction
prerequisite to help the age daily Day Chung Yeung Festival
1 National Day International Day International Day as the Elderly
2 Day International Peace (and democracy liberty skirmish) at
4 Day World Animal Day
8 on the day of blood pressure control on left-handed at the International World Sight Day on World Post Day
9 (UPU Day)
10 日 Revolution Memorial room at the World Health Day World Mental Health Day
13 日 birth of the Chinese Young Pioneers at the International Teacher's Day World Health Day with Greenwich Mean Time on the international criterion period on World Standards Day
14
15 Day ( 16?) International Blind Day (White Cane Day)
16 Day World Food Day
17 World Day to Overcome Extreme Poverty
22 Day World Traditional Medicine Day
24 United Nations Day World Development Information Day < br> 28 Day World Health Day
31 men on World thrift
Double Ninth Festival on November
first Zhouquan Guo Food Hygiene Awareness Week the fourth Thursday of Thanksgiving
< br> 8 日 press section
9 日 China China Fire Awareness Day (Fire Festival)
10 Day World Youth Day (Japan)
14 Day World Diabetes Day
17 Combat Day International Student Festival (International Student Day)
20 Day World Children's Day,apt stand and be williapt to be eaten at tigers, McDonald's China Development Company ambition be officially launched along the end of October Violence against women
1 December, World AIDS Awareness Day
3 Day World Day of Disabled Persons
4 日 China Legal Publicity Day
5 Day (Economic and Social Development) International Volunteers by the World Disabled Day
7 International Civil Aviation Day
9 日 anniversary of the December Ninth Movement Day
11 World Soccer World Day against the disease at the anniversary of the Xi'an Incident
12 日
13, the anniversary of the Nanjing Massacre
15 Day World Immunization Day World Day of Disabled Persons
20
21 commemoration of the handover, Macau International Day Basketball Day
24 Christmas Eve
25 Christmas Day
liquid stream namely forever in state of turbulence alternatively eddy
Eh amounts of water that an transmit, the latent inconsistency is called oxidation-reduction latent (or Eh values), referred to as . It seawater pH, dissolved oxygen partly pressure on, and in certain sea areas is effectively affected by hypoxia organic matter. normally pH measure and the platinum electrode to measure.
water boiling water boiling point refers to the critical temperature. seawater boiling point increases with the increase of salinity, as salinity is increased by 10p, then the water boiling temperature 0.16 ℃.
molecular thermal conductivity of sea water refers to the ability of water conduction heat. in the sea or repose in a laminar flow, the water molecules and dissolved substances in water movement is irregular, because of this irregular movement, so that adjacent molecules within the layer of water exchange, if the temperature of the adjacent water layer is different from the exchange effect will result in heat transfer, heat from high temperature to low temperature conductivity. in a matter of seconds, heat conduction per unit area on the card number and the temperature in the vertical direction in this area, changes in the value of 1 cm into the ratio, that is Q =- rT / n, ratio of thermal conductivity coefficient of r is called. For pure water, the temperature is 15 ℃, the thermal conductivity is 1.39t10-3 card s -1 ° -1 cm -1, the ocean smaller thermal conductivity than pure water, and increases with temperature, with salinity increasing. This irregular motion caused due to molecular heat conduction, known as molecular heat conduction. the effect of molecular heat conduction is very small, it has been calculated In the case of molecular heat conduction, if the surface water temperature is 30 ℃, 100 meters from the sea water temperature is 0 ℃, 100 years after the 100 meters at the water temperature to increase 7.3 ℃. In nature, water can not be at rest or laminar flow, but often in a whirling state, in this case, the water layer adjacent to the molecular exchange of heat exchange is not limited, but by the size of the water exchange between the main block. At this point, molecular r thermal conductivity to eddy thermal conductivity A place, which the molecular heat conduction coefficient than a few hundred times.
sea water into the sea of light scattering of light, some is absorbed, another part of the scattering of light occurs and changes the original direction of propagation due to reduced light scattering leaving the magnitude of dI can be written as dI =- SIdz, where said scattering coefficient S (dz is the thickness of the beam through the water), water molecules scatter light Rayleigh scattering is, according to Swiss Lee's law,shenzhen escort, the scattering coefficient and the wavelength is inversely proportional to the fourth power, that the shorter the wavelength, the stronger the scattering ability of this molecule scattering scattering said. If the radius of scattering particles large than the wavelength of light, not according to Rayleigh's statute of such particles, the scattering coefficient is inversely proportional to the square of the wavelength.
sea water light diminution coefficient of light digestion coefficient and dispersing coefficient and. generally light diminution coefficient of ocean water is about 0.1 (m) -1. temperature and salinity has mini effect on the attenuation coefficient, attenuation coefficient of sea water and sea water mainly from the difference between suspended molecules and dissolved in other materials. particulates and dissolved substances in the attenuation of light decreases with wavelength increase. by the substantial knowledge; water containing plankton,fewer use of cars a daytime, attenuation coefficient large than that of pure water; when the pure water 0.4mm0.58m the light wavelength, the attenuation coefficient of less than 0.58m when the wavelength of light waves, the attenuation coefficient was significantly increased ; water containing plankton, green portion of the minimum attenuation, while the ruddy, violet attenuation maximum. Generally speaking, the attenuation coefficient of ocean water, the smallest orchestra is 480m500 nanometers, near-shore water, the smallest band attenuation coefficient is 530m580 mm microns.
seawater concentrations of trace elements in seawater is lower than 0.001 mg / L of elements.
ocean water mixing is a general form of movement, participation in the sport of water with their incipient traits from a space to variant space film, so that the nature of the contiguous sea water gradually tends to uniformity, and the formation of a new water hunk, the total outcome of this movement known as the water miscellaneous. a mix of 3 forms: molecular mixing, gurge mixing and convective mixing. Molecular composition of the liquid medley is due to the dissolved molecules and the fluid caused by the random movement; eddy mixing a variety of different scales of mixing between the water stop; convective mixing refers to the vertical intention of the seawater caused by convection water blend, and its movement depends on the vertical distribution of water density, and whether the movement has nothing to do with water. In the three mixed in the role of molecular mixing is extremely feeble, so the efficacy of molecular mixing is insignificant. mixing is by diffusion convective fdefect in ... 3 ways to achieve peace. mixed achieve due to the different seasons and different latitudes: a high latitude sea area,shanghai massage, the extra significant role in increasing the frequency, combined with stability of small, consequent convective mixing muscular,beijing escort, and eddy mixing merely show in the summer when its role, it does not average the summer than in winter mighty eddy mixing, due to the lusty winter winds, stability and small, over the summer mixed reverse spin strong only because of strong convection at this time, the vortex Activity was more developed mixed convective mixing by masking a; in the low-latitude, mixed convection is laborious to happen, it is prevailed by eddy mixing; in shallow water, as constantly by the coast, sea, shoals, islands, the friction efficacy, it eddy mixing well developed, while mixed convection is also cozy to amplify. eddy mixing strength, and stability of the sea, air and tidal phenomena, when the stability increases, the water blocks the competence to retain the original state of promoted eddy mixed put the ebb; summer, due to surface water warming, additional stability, not very strong eddy mixing. wind effects on the eddy mixing is that it enhances the surface commotion and increase the velocity gradient, so when the wind speed increases, the eddy mixing will be enhanced, of special note, due to superficial water eddy of wind mixing can reach the sea. caused by the eddy of the tide and wind evoked mixing eddy mixing on the inverse, scale-up from the seabed in shallow water district, due to friction with the sea, the resulting velocity gradient is very large, so will cause a strong eddy mixing. convective mixing strength, stability is also related with the sea: when the stability of the water floor itself is large, convective mixing complicated to form in summer when convective mixing in the ocean is difficult to occur, often appear in the winter, the strong convective mixing; in the equatorial and subtropical waters, surface waters in summer due to its lower density is still lower than that, it does not produce convection, in Winter temperatures are low, convection will be very strong. In the mid-latitude waters, summer and winter temperatures vary greatly due to the surface, so convection, convection depth of up to 200 meters; sea at high latitudes, due to increased salt and freezing phenomena and the results Therefore, up to several kilometers in the winter when the depth of convection. mixed results, was formed in the ocean layer and the thermocline Yunhe, in some sea areas also form an intermediate chilly water layer.
adiabatic changes of sea known as the adiabatic temperature change of water. also heat exchange with the outdoor world does not occur, then the liquid itself need to expend calories, so that the temperature decreases. This change, called adiabatic temperature change. in the ocean, with compression of the water, so the adiabatic temperature change will make marine increase the temperature of the sea. as an instance the Philippines Trench: Philippine ditch depth of more than 10,000 meters, 5,000 meters temperature of 1.50 ℃, the temperature at 7,000 meters at 1.80 ℃, the temperature was in the 9000 meters at 2.32 ℃ . This is the effect of adiabatic change. It is of deep ocean vertical temperature changes, has very important significance.
sea water mixed proliferation of one of the main causes. diffusion has two forms: molecular diffusion and eddy diffusion. Molecular diffusion is caused by water molecules in random motion. eddy diffusion of water from blocks of different scales produced by random motion. As sea water temperature, salinity, density changes between the current, so there density gradient and temperature gradient, the amount of diffusion and substance in proportion to the gradient. eddy diffusion stronger than the molecular diffusion; in the eddy diffusion, the lateral eddy diffusion than the vertical eddy diffusion intensity.
water chlorinity referred to as . from the definition itself, it is clear that the concept of equivalent chlorine, it will as the atomic heaviness of elements involved in the titration repercussion to changes with corresponding changes in the value, so the same degree of determination of chlorine in water will lose everlasting value. In order to chlorinity values remain the eternal, ease of comparisons, Knudsen and Jaco Gibson made in 1940, a new definition: precipitation 0.3285233 kilograms of silver in sea water all the halogen atoms grams required, is the chlorinity. Thus, the value of chlorinity will not change because of changes in atomic weight. chlorinity and salinity of the relation is: Sp = 1.80655Clp.
water chlorine content that is at 20 ℃ in the 1 liter of seawater contains bromine and iodine replaced by the equivalent of chlorine after the total grams of chlorine. units of grams / liter. Symbol: Cl / L. If the density of sea water at 20 ℃ for the particular P20, the chlorinity and chlorinity is given by the volume of mutual translation:
Cl / L = ClptP20
density per unit volume of water contained in water quality. in centimeters. grams. second system, the quality of the middle finger 1 cubic centimeter of seawater , with g / cm 3, said. seawater density is temperature (t), salinity (s) and pressure (p) function. generally ss, t, p represents salinity s, temperature t and pressure p, density. seawater density is generally greater than 1, for instance, 1.02415,1.01296, etc., because the first two digits are the same on the marine water everywhere, so often the density of minus 1, will move behind three decimal places to seek density. This density with ss, t, p, ie ss, t, p = (rs, t, p-1) t103. in oceanography that is often the atmospheric pressure as zero at this time the water r = 0 density Zeyi s0 = ss, t, 0 = (rs, t ,0-1) t103 said, it is only a function of temperature and salinity. seawater density and temperature, salinity and pressure relationship is more complex. Generally speaking , water volume expansion due to temperature and density decreases with increasing temperature, below customary circumstances, thermal expansion coefficient is positive, so the density of sea water decreases with increasing temperature; but when the temperature is below a certain value, thermal expansion coefficient is negative, then, water density increases with increasing temperature. This is the water temperature when the temperature of maximum density, then the density, called the conditional density, it is not constant but a function of salinity . seawater density and salinity relationship is approximately straightforward relation, when the salinity increases, the water density. seawater density increases with pressure. For the surface density of sea water can generally be measured directly and accurately, but subsurface water due to the changing conditions also change the density, it can not be measured directly and accurately, otherwise, it will have a great mistake. Therefore, by calculating the blot density. the blot density is the site of temperature, salinity and pressure water density. seawater density distribution in the ocean: in the equatorial regions, due to high water temperature, salinity is very low, and thus the density of the surface water is small; from the equator to the poles, the density increases. seawater density distribution is also a large influence by the currents. seawater density generally 1.02m1.03 grams. cm -3 between.
water pH value is a sign of sea water pH. seawater pH> 7 Therefore, pH value of sea water
region due to the different seasons and different: in summer, due to the strong warming and photosynthesis, so that the upper levels of carbon dioxide in seawater and hydrogen ion concentration, pH values have increased so that the elementary increase the winter on the contrary, pH value decreased. in the sea area with high dissolved oxygen, pH value is also high; the contrary, pH value is low.
marine origin of the water wheel on Earth, formed mainly by the sea. the total amount of water on Earth in 97% sea water, accounting for 2.25% glaciers, rivers, lakes and groundwater accounts for 1% of water vapor in the atmosphere in the number of more inferior. Earth's water is evenly distributed on the surface of the earth, and converted into liquid water depth, the so-called equivalent depth of water, then the equivalent water depth of 2700-2800 meters, and water vapor in the atmosphere the equivalent depth of only 3 cm. Therefore, the source of the water cycle, mainly refers to the water source. the premier When the surface is uneven, and no water is now so vast, vast majority of water on earth was the rock crystal water is present in the form of the Earth's interior, with the development of the Earth, the water inside the gradual accumulation in the surface. Therefore, fundamentally speaking, the sea originated in the Earth's interior, from underground rock. but the sea and from condensation from the atmosphere, this is because the radioactive substance inside the earth fission and ooze heat, so the crust by temperature, so the Earth's inner produce pile up water vapor, which has a high temperature water vapor, by magmatic movement or volcanic outbreaks, but also went outside the earth, into atmospheric water in the atmosphere and fall to the earth's surface as precipitation in the form to form a primitive hydrosphere. a gradual increase in sea water accumulation process. It is estimated that the original ocean current of the sea water is about 1 / 10. Well, now so many water on the planet, no mistrust from the Earth since the formation, after the gradual accumulation of hundreds of millions of years. The original ocean water is not salty, and after changed because the increase of salt in brine, salt increase comes mainly from three aspects: First, the dissolution of bedrock; second submarine volcanic eruptions continue increase in sea water chloride and sulfate content; three rocks on land, a large number of mineral weathering, erosion, and dissolved into the oceans by rivers carrying. So now not only more water but also water, the average salinity to 35p, which is formed gradually accumulated.
sea water itself, because Enthusiasm thermal conductivity, heat from the hot area to the low temperature zone transfer phenomenon. seawater heat conduction in three forms: the molecular heat conduction, heat conduction and eddy convection heat transfer. molecular heat conduction is due to the molecular composition of the liquid and dissolved in the liquid caused by the irregular movement of heat transfer phenomena, such as the temperature of the adjacent water layers of different, will result in the spread of solutes, resulting in exchange, so that the heat transfer. In nature, fluid flow is always in state of turbulence or eddy, in this case, the exchange of the adjacent water layer, when the exchange is not finite to molecules, but blocks of different sizes of water between exchange. contained in this heat exchange will send attach, this is called eddy heat conduction heat transfer; the eddy haphazard motion of water blocks, there is not certain direction, and thus eddy heat conduction can be divided into vertical and levels of 2 types, mainly vertical eddy heat conduction. convection heat transfer depends on the vertical distribution of water density. When the density of the upper waters of the sea than its lower density, then gravity is greater than the buoyancy, sea water and thus the vertical direction occurs convection and heat on the exchange. three approximation, molecular heat conduction is extremely weak, mainly eddy heat conduction and convection heat transfer. from the sea speaking, the tropical ocean to eddy heat conduction based; moderate seas, the summer to vortex Activity Conducted mainly by convection conduction mainly in winter; frigid ocean convection heat transfer based Zeyi.
heat capacity of water directed 1 cubic centimeter of seawater temperature rises 1 ℃ heat necessary. The value of sea water and sea water characteristic heat density of the production, its element is the card / cm 3. degrees. Since the specific heat and density of sea water than atmosphere, so is the heat capacity, such as taking water density r = 1.026, water specific heat Cp = 0.932; and the density of atmosphere r '= 0.00129, the air's specific heat Cr' = 0.237, then the heat capacity of water Cpr = 0.956 cards / cm 3. degrees, while the air heat capacity Cp'r '= 0.000306 card / cm 3. degrees, a difference of 3100 times . In other words, a cubic kilometers of water when the temperature was lower, make 3100 cubic kilometers of air temperature was, can be penetrated in regulating Earth's oceans play a significant role in temperature, it is also the thermal properties of seawater , production the earth a mild weather.
seawater intrusion through the absorbent layer refers to the sea (including the aquitard) into the lower floor level light aquifer. In general, the water class of the land than the light water aquifer water level high, but later catching large quantities of land short aquifer, the groundwater level under the sea level will make it, resulting in sea water (salt water) into the land through the light permeable layer of the aquifer, thus undermining the groundwater resources. Qinhuangdao City, China, taken as a large number of underground fresh water, resulting in water large-scale invasion forward the dirt, numerous areas have been salted water; Eminem coastal metropolis of Amsterdam Netherlands, over the years to rely on way to fresh water in coastal sand dunes, resulting in the underlying salt water rising in recent decades began to refer to the Rhine synthetic recharge of river sand dune yearly 60 million tons of fresh water to prevent seawater intrusion. can afford wells and the water fight between a row of wells, pumping caused by the low level trough, or the formation of hydraulic barriers injection usage; in the rewarding geological conditions, but also embankment can be built underground water, these methods can serve to prevent the effects of seawater intrusion.
velocity of sound in sea water in the spread. resolved to sound wag circulation speed of the main factors are temperature, salinity and pressure (depth). temperature the greatest impact on the speed of sound, temperature, increase the speed of sound. As seawater temperature, salinity, the uneven distribution can cause uneven distribution of sound velocity to the velocity gradient of the formation of the ocean, sound waves in sea water spread faster than the speed of circulation in the air three times faster in the half (about 1500 m / s). When that temperature, salinity and depth, you can calculate the speed of sound. seawater to make a direct calculation of the speed of sound equipment sounds speed detector, Its going principle is measured by the acoustic pulse through a certain time interval in order to speak out from the speed.
sea water concentrations of trace elements that is equal to or less than 1 mg / l element. In addition to the constant element of water, nutrients, dissolved gases , the other is known as sea water trace element. periodically in the water content in the 1m0.001 mg / L trace elements as sea water, the content is less than 0.001 mg / l of trace element called water element. seawater low levels of trace elements, determination more intricate, but trace elements of shape, balance and mechanism of transfer, in the ocean chemistry is very important, so attention in recent years, especially since the 50 years since the heavy metals in the marine pollution proposed research work is creature intensified. seawater trace elements in dynamic equilibrium state, the role of rock weathering by water and other means have been brought into the ocean, in the ocean and through the biological, physical, chemical and geological processes to migrate to the sea, so that concentration in the ocean are relatively stable state. However, due to industrial development, mineral exploitation, and increased the amount of trace elements in the allocation to the ocean, if the rate of transmission is greater than the rate of marine normal balance (self-purification capacity) to make these elements in sea water content increased, a number of toxic massive metals on marine pollution, the ecological balance of marine life, which cause damage to persons.
sea water temperature to a water depth of insulation from whichever methods to heave to the surface when the temperature has called the potential temperature. often said t, climbed the throne temperature t = tM-t, tM-site for the water temperature, t is reduced due to adiabatic cooling temperature, t the temperature, salt changes in temperature and pressure changes. such as on-site water tM = 5 ℃, it insulated from 6,000 meters below sea level when raised to t = 0.80 ℃, so the sea water temperature t = 5 ℃ -0.80 ℃ = 4.20 ℃. morsel temperature can be calculated according to the adiabatic temperature gradient, with compression of the sea, when the water block to rise, the pressure decreases due to volume expansion, inner energy decreases, temperature decreases; when the water down the block, because of the pressure to increase the volume of reduced, the energy increases, the temperature rises. situated blocks from the water at the depth h1 h2 shake, according to the principle of maintenance of energy in the cm. grams. second system adiabatic temperature change formula:
where T is the temperature ( Kelvin temperature scale with that), e is the thermal expansion coefficient Peng, Cp is specific heat at constant pressure, g is the haste due to gravity, J is the mechanical equivalent of heat (equivalent to 4.1863t107 ergs / card). potential temperature is not a function of depth, it is an index of thermal properties of sea water can be used to study the way water mass movement.
sea water temperature reflects the thermal state of a physical amount. the world's ocean water temperature is generally between -2 ℃ m30 ℃, which exceeded the average water temperature 20 ℃ the region accounted for more than half of the entire ocean area. seawater temperature daytime, month, year, years and other cyclical changes and irregular changes, which mainly depends on the ocean heat ration and its time to change. by straight detection that : little change in water temperature on the change scope from 0m30 meters water depth, while the annual change of about 350 meters depth can be reached at. at a depth of 350 meters hardly ever, was a constant level. but with increasing depth, water temperature gradually decreased (per depth 1000 m, a dwindle of nearly 1.m2 ℃), 3000m4000 meters in depth, the temperature reached 2.m-1 ℃. seawater temperature of the ocean hydrology one of the most important factor, often as the nature of water mass, water mass movement described The basic indicators. of spatial and temporal distribution of water temperature variation is not only an important part of oceanography and meteorological, navigation, fishing industry and the sound of water and other exercises are also important.
water pressure refers to a certain height of the sea water col 1 square centimeter to its bottom area of the coerce. common symbols P, said unit dyne / cm 2 or bar (1 bar = 106 dyne / cm 2). terrestrial standard atmospheric pressure is equal to 1.0325 bar, it is equal to 1.03323 kg / cm 2, which is 76 cm high pressure mercury. If the density of sea water taken 1.03 g / cm 2, according to static formula, equivalent to a depth of 10.03 m at atmospheric pressure. In other words, that each additional depth of 10 meters, an increase of about a atmospheric pressure. pressure units, practical take on the often 1 , but also a function of temperature and salinity, the pressure on the conductance of temperature or salinity than the more apparent effects.
water static pressure compression means that when an added unit of pressure caused by water when the specific volume of phase
constant temperature increase of unit pressure, some water quality changes in the volume ratio of the amount of the original volume. where the constant K is called the water division the amount of compression, V is the volume of seawater, V, P are the volume and pressure changes volume. compressibility of water, with the temperature, salinity, pressure increases. compressibility of water is small, about 4t10-5. seawater volume of the compression system, sound transmission rate for its size is an important physical parameters. seawater density is temperature, salinity and pressure of the feature, whether the temperature and salinity as a constant, then the density of sea water will vary with pressure, or that with the increase of depth, which made the water in a settled state . It is estimated that, if the water can not abbreviate, then the sea than the sea surface height 20m30 meters now.
early elucidation of salinity: the water in a thousand Ridge, bromine and iodine replaced at chlorine equivalent of the carbonate into oxides, alphabetical material is rusted when always the solids in the absolute grams. Unit: g / kg, symbol: Sp, and the narrative between chlorinity: Sp = 0.030 +1.8050 tClp.1966 agencies, according to the International Year of the marine water conductivity and salinity of seawater conductivity percentage 35.000p criterion R15 (by 15 ℃), the emulating relationship for a current elucidation of salinity: Sp =- 0.08996 +28.29720 R15 +12.80832 R152-10.67869R153 +5.98624 R154-1.32311R155 salinity and the narration among the degree of chlorine using the emulating formula: Sp = 1.80655Clp water salinity is related to the physical and chemical properties of an important parameter, is the study of water manoeuvre, dividing the water hunk, and additional important ingredients to resolve the speed of sound.
seawater nutrients that tin control water in the ocean affect marine plant growth and biomass of those ingredients. marine life in increase to CO2, O2 and other gases, yet also absence phosphorus, nitrogen, silicon and other factors to fashion the organism's proteins and nuclear, We phosphorus, nitrogen and silicon as the chief nutrients. Additionally, there are some trace ingredients (such as steel, manganese, bronze, etc.) also have some affect biological processes, call them trace metal nutrients. experimental results show that: phosphorus, nitrogen a small number to a certain extent, can not carry out photosynthesis, plants for beyond breeding to be limited. marine plants grow in a sun, photosynthesis can be within the upper ocean, which constitute the organism protein intake and nitrogen embodied in the nucleus phosphorus, a nutrient water the maximum important into the sea. Ocean can be precipitation, creek runoff into the sea, when the phosphorus, nitrogen, silicon and other elements play a complementary role, vertical merging and convective mixing and upwelling and so ashore but also to phosphorus, nitrogen and other nutrients from the sea or the submarine to the sea bottom to altitude, resulting in continually replenish. high and cheap nutrient content will have a certain relationship with the plankton, such as the Pacific east coast due to a steady increase in stream, so the place for phosphorus, nitrogen rich, biological to large population, is the earth notable fishing space. a sea nutrient content apparently seasonal changes: winter surface water of phosphorus, nitrogen content is tall, decreasing the spring, summer, multiplication of plant altitude, the content will be depressed to a minimum , autumn began to increase nutrient content.
water and airy CO2 exchange of ocean surface water and gaseous CO2 exchange between the recent years is quite attention. As the consecutive evolution of manufacture, coal, fuel combustion CO2 into the atmosphere are increasing, according to research 19th century, atmospheric CO2 concentration was 0.028%, now increased to about 0.033%. recent test showed that the increase in annual number of atmospheric CO2 is about 0.2% . atmospheric CO2 content on the temperature to a certain extent, this is due to CO2 in the atmosphere will preoccupy the Earth's long-wave radiation, the absorption related to the content and CO2, CO2 absorbed high levels of radiation, more heat loss to the earth less, the temperature heaves, this effect is called oil consumption measure of CO2 into the atmosphere is estimated at about 1.34t1010 tons, half of which green plants sponge through photosynthesis into organic matter, and release oxygen, the other half into the atmosphere. Oceanic and Atmospheric CO2 exchange between the rate, and CO2 in collection in the atmosphere are instantly related. oceans contain 7.5 grams per square centimeter of carbon in the atmosphere about 60 times. sea exchange of CO2 between the atmosphere can only be carried out in the sea, its direction resolute by the exchange between sea water and atmospheric CO2 the partial pressure, such as the water partial pressure greater than atmospheric CO2, the CO2 into the atmosphere from the sea, on the contrary, the water will dissolve atmospheric CO2. seawater CO2 partial pressure of determination on many factors: such as temperature, salinity, biological photosynthesis and respiration, pH, such as seawater. Every year the number of CO2 into the ocean, very complex, subject to water physics, chemistry, biology, geology and the impact of campaigns, etc., it is difficult to make firm conclusions.
water index refers to the scatter of light in a vacuum, the speed and velocity in the seawater ratio. refractive index of light of alter wavelengths are no equal. seawater refractive index likewise decreases with increasing temperature, with the amplify of salinity increases.
potential heat of evaporation of sea water refers to water particles depart the surface evaporation of water vapor into the process of evaporation of water molecules in the results of the average kinetic stamina decreases,toronto escorts, accordingly lowering the surface temperature; This means that the evaporation consumes heat. for of the sea the evaporation detriment of heat namely shrieked potential heat of evaporation of sea water, or 1 Ridge water evaporation heat necessitated for the card digit. the card / g, said. It has been reckoned in the sea, deserving to the amassed surplus of radiation heat process, almost 10% of transportation access into the atmosphere, and the remaining 90% is used for evaporation. Thus, the latent heat of evaporation of sea water temperature distribution in the oceans plays an momentous character and change.
water boiling water boiling point refers to the critical temperature. seawater boiling point increases with the increase of salinity, as salinity is increased by 10p, then the water boiling temperature 0.16 ℃.
molecular thermal conductivity of sea water refers to the ability of water conduction heat. in the sea or repose in a laminar flow, the water molecules and dissolved substances in water movement is irregular, because of this irregular movement, so that adjacent molecules within the layer of water exchange, if the temperature of the adjacent water layer is different from the exchange effect will result in heat transfer, heat from high temperature to low temperature conductivity. in a matter of seconds, heat conduction per unit area on the card number and the temperature in the vertical direction in this area, changes in the value of 1 cm into the ratio, that is Q =- rT / n, ratio of thermal conductivity coefficient of r is called. For pure water, the temperature is 15 ℃, the thermal conductivity is 1.39t10-3 card s -1 ° -1 cm -1, the ocean smaller thermal conductivity than pure water, and increases with temperature, with salinity increasing. This irregular motion caused due to molecular heat conduction, known as molecular heat conduction. the effect of molecular heat conduction is very small, it has been calculated In the case of molecular heat conduction, if the surface water temperature is 30 ℃, 100 meters from the sea water temperature is 0 ℃, 100 years after the 100 meters at the water temperature to increase 7.3 ℃. In nature, water can not be at rest or laminar flow, but often in a whirling state, in this case, the water layer adjacent to the molecular exchange of heat exchange is not limited, but by the size of the water exchange between the main block. At this point, molecular r thermal conductivity to eddy thermal conductivity A place, which the molecular heat conduction coefficient than a few hundred times.
sea water into the sea of light scattering of light, some is absorbed, another part of the scattering of light occurs and changes the original direction of propagation due to reduced light scattering leaving the magnitude of dI can be written as dI =- SIdz, where said scattering coefficient S (dz is the thickness of the beam through the water), water molecules scatter light Rayleigh scattering is, according to Swiss Lee's law,shenzhen escort, the scattering coefficient and the wavelength is inversely proportional to the fourth power, that the shorter the wavelength, the stronger the scattering ability of this molecule scattering scattering said. If the radius of scattering particles large than the wavelength of light, not according to Rayleigh's statute of such particles, the scattering coefficient is inversely proportional to the square of the wavelength.
sea water light diminution coefficient of light digestion coefficient and dispersing coefficient and. generally light diminution coefficient of ocean water is about 0.1 (m) -1. temperature and salinity has mini effect on the attenuation coefficient, attenuation coefficient of sea water and sea water mainly from the difference between suspended molecules and dissolved in other materials. particulates and dissolved substances in the attenuation of light decreases with wavelength increase. by the substantial knowledge; water containing plankton,fewer use of cars a daytime, attenuation coefficient large than that of pure water; when the pure water 0.4mm0.58m the light wavelength, the attenuation coefficient of less than 0.58m when the wavelength of light waves, the attenuation coefficient was significantly increased ; water containing plankton, green portion of the minimum attenuation, while the ruddy, violet attenuation maximum. Generally speaking, the attenuation coefficient of ocean water, the smallest orchestra is 480m500 nanometers, near-shore water, the smallest band attenuation coefficient is 530m580 mm microns.
seawater concentrations of trace elements in seawater is lower than 0.001 mg / L of elements.
ocean water mixing is a general form of movement, participation in the sport of water with their incipient traits from a space to variant space film, so that the nature of the contiguous sea water gradually tends to uniformity, and the formation of a new water hunk, the total outcome of this movement known as the water miscellaneous. a mix of 3 forms: molecular mixing, gurge mixing and convective mixing. Molecular composition of the liquid medley is due to the dissolved molecules and the fluid caused by the random movement; eddy mixing a variety of different scales of mixing between the water stop; convective mixing refers to the vertical intention of the seawater caused by convection water blend, and its movement depends on the vertical distribution of water density, and whether the movement has nothing to do with water. In the three mixed in the role of molecular mixing is extremely feeble, so the efficacy of molecular mixing is insignificant. mixing is by diffusion convective fdefect in ... 3 ways to achieve peace. mixed achieve due to the different seasons and different latitudes: a high latitude sea area,shanghai massage, the extra significant role in increasing the frequency, combined with stability of small, consequent convective mixing muscular,beijing escort, and eddy mixing merely show in the summer when its role, it does not average the summer than in winter mighty eddy mixing, due to the lusty winter winds, stability and small, over the summer mixed reverse spin strong only because of strong convection at this time, the vortex Activity was more developed mixed convective mixing by masking a; in the low-latitude, mixed convection is laborious to happen, it is prevailed by eddy mixing; in shallow water, as constantly by the coast, sea, shoals, islands, the friction efficacy, it eddy mixing well developed, while mixed convection is also cozy to amplify. eddy mixing strength, and stability of the sea, air and tidal phenomena, when the stability increases, the water blocks the competence to retain the original state of promoted eddy mixed put the ebb; summer, due to surface water warming, additional stability, not very strong eddy mixing. wind effects on the eddy mixing is that it enhances the surface commotion and increase the velocity gradient, so when the wind speed increases, the eddy mixing will be enhanced, of special note, due to superficial water eddy of wind mixing can reach the sea. caused by the eddy of the tide and wind evoked mixing eddy mixing on the inverse, scale-up from the seabed in shallow water district, due to friction with the sea, the resulting velocity gradient is very large, so will cause a strong eddy mixing. convective mixing strength, stability is also related with the sea: when the stability of the water floor itself is large, convective mixing complicated to form in summer when convective mixing in the ocean is difficult to occur, often appear in the winter, the strong convective mixing; in the equatorial and subtropical waters, surface waters in summer due to its lower density is still lower than that, it does not produce convection, in Winter temperatures are low, convection will be very strong. In the mid-latitude waters, summer and winter temperatures vary greatly due to the surface, so convection, convection depth of up to 200 meters; sea at high latitudes, due to increased salt and freezing phenomena and the results Therefore, up to several kilometers in the winter when the depth of convection. mixed results, was formed in the ocean layer and the thermocline Yunhe, in some sea areas also form an intermediate chilly water layer.
adiabatic changes of sea known as the adiabatic temperature change of water. also heat exchange with the outdoor world does not occur, then the liquid itself need to expend calories, so that the temperature decreases. This change, called adiabatic temperature change. in the ocean, with compression of the water, so the adiabatic temperature change will make marine increase the temperature of the sea. as an instance the Philippines Trench: Philippine ditch depth of more than 10,000 meters, 5,000 meters temperature of 1.50 ℃, the temperature at 7,000 meters at 1.80 ℃, the temperature was in the 9000 meters at 2.32 ℃ . This is the effect of adiabatic change. It is of deep ocean vertical temperature changes, has very important significance.
sea water mixed proliferation of one of the main causes. diffusion has two forms: molecular diffusion and eddy diffusion. Molecular diffusion is caused by water molecules in random motion. eddy diffusion of water from blocks of different scales produced by random motion. As sea water temperature, salinity, density changes between the current, so there density gradient and temperature gradient, the amount of diffusion and substance in proportion to the gradient. eddy diffusion stronger than the molecular diffusion; in the eddy diffusion, the lateral eddy diffusion than the vertical eddy diffusion intensity.
water chlorinity referred to as . from the definition itself, it is clear that the concept of equivalent chlorine, it will as the atomic heaviness of elements involved in the titration repercussion to changes with corresponding changes in the value, so the same degree of determination of chlorine in water will lose everlasting value. In order to chlorinity values remain the eternal, ease of comparisons, Knudsen and Jaco Gibson made in 1940, a new definition: precipitation 0.3285233 kilograms of silver in sea water all the halogen atoms grams required, is the chlorinity. Thus, the value of chlorinity will not change because of changes in atomic weight. chlorinity and salinity of the relation is: Sp = 1.80655Clp.
water chlorine content that is at 20 ℃ in the 1 liter of seawater contains bromine and iodine replaced by the equivalent of chlorine after the total grams of chlorine. units of grams / liter. Symbol: Cl / L. If the density of sea water at 20 ℃ for the particular P20, the chlorinity and chlorinity is given by the volume of mutual translation:
Cl / L = ClptP20
density per unit volume of water contained in water quality. in centimeters. grams. second system, the quality of the middle finger 1 cubic centimeter of seawater , with g / cm 3, said. seawater density is temperature (t), salinity (s) and pressure (p) function. generally ss, t, p represents salinity s, temperature t and pressure p, density. seawater density is generally greater than 1, for instance, 1.02415,1.01296, etc., because the first two digits are the same on the marine water everywhere, so often the density of minus 1, will move behind three decimal places to seek density. This density with ss, t, p, ie ss, t, p = (rs, t, p-1) t103. in oceanography that is often the atmospheric pressure as zero at this time the water r = 0 density Zeyi s0 = ss, t, 0 = (rs, t ,0-1) t103 said, it is only a function of temperature and salinity. seawater density and temperature, salinity and pressure relationship is more complex. Generally speaking , water volume expansion due to temperature and density decreases with increasing temperature, below customary circumstances, thermal expansion coefficient is positive, so the density of sea water decreases with increasing temperature; but when the temperature is below a certain value, thermal expansion coefficient is negative, then, water density increases with increasing temperature. This is the water temperature when the temperature of maximum density, then the density, called the conditional density, it is not constant but a function of salinity . seawater density and salinity relationship is approximately straightforward relation, when the salinity increases, the water density. seawater density increases with pressure. For the surface density of sea water can generally be measured directly and accurately, but subsurface water due to the changing conditions also change the density, it can not be measured directly and accurately, otherwise, it will have a great mistake. Therefore, by calculating the blot density. the blot density is the site of temperature, salinity and pressure water density. seawater density distribution in the ocean: in the equatorial regions, due to high water temperature, salinity is very low, and thus the density of the surface water is small; from the equator to the poles, the density increases. seawater density distribution is also a large influence by the currents. seawater density generally 1.02m1.03 grams. cm -3 between.
water pH value is a sign of sea water pH. seawater pH> 7 Therefore, pH value of sea water
region due to the different seasons and different: in summer, due to the strong warming and photosynthesis, so that the upper levels of carbon dioxide in seawater and hydrogen ion concentration, pH values have increased so that the elementary increase the winter on the contrary, pH value decreased. in the sea area with high dissolved oxygen, pH value is also high; the contrary, pH value is low.
marine origin of the water wheel on Earth, formed mainly by the sea. the total amount of water on Earth in 97% sea water, accounting for 2.25% glaciers, rivers, lakes and groundwater accounts for 1% of water vapor in the atmosphere in the number of more inferior. Earth's water is evenly distributed on the surface of the earth, and converted into liquid water depth, the so-called equivalent depth of water, then the equivalent water depth of 2700-2800 meters, and water vapor in the atmosphere the equivalent depth of only 3 cm. Therefore, the source of the water cycle, mainly refers to the water source. the premier When the surface is uneven, and no water is now so vast, vast majority of water on earth was the rock crystal water is present in the form of the Earth's interior, with the development of the Earth, the water inside the gradual accumulation in the surface. Therefore, fundamentally speaking, the sea originated in the Earth's interior, from underground rock. but the sea and from condensation from the atmosphere, this is because the radioactive substance inside the earth fission and ooze heat, so the crust by temperature, so the Earth's inner produce pile up water vapor, which has a high temperature water vapor, by magmatic movement or volcanic outbreaks, but also went outside the earth, into atmospheric water in the atmosphere and fall to the earth's surface as precipitation in the form to form a primitive hydrosphere. a gradual increase in sea water accumulation process. It is estimated that the original ocean current of the sea water is about 1 / 10. Well, now so many water on the planet, no mistrust from the Earth since the formation, after the gradual accumulation of hundreds of millions of years. The original ocean water is not salty, and after changed because the increase of salt in brine, salt increase comes mainly from three aspects: First, the dissolution of bedrock; second submarine volcanic eruptions continue increase in sea water chloride and sulfate content; three rocks on land, a large number of mineral weathering, erosion, and dissolved into the oceans by rivers carrying. So now not only more water but also water, the average salinity to 35p, which is formed gradually accumulated.
sea water itself, because Enthusiasm thermal conductivity, heat from the hot area to the low temperature zone transfer phenomenon. seawater heat conduction in three forms: the molecular heat conduction, heat conduction and eddy convection heat transfer. molecular heat conduction is due to the molecular composition of the liquid and dissolved in the liquid caused by the irregular movement of heat transfer phenomena, such as the temperature of the adjacent water layers of different, will result in the spread of solutes, resulting in exchange, so that the heat transfer. In nature, fluid flow is always in state of turbulence or eddy, in this case, the exchange of the adjacent water layer, when the exchange is not finite to molecules, but blocks of different sizes of water between exchange. contained in this heat exchange will send attach, this is called eddy heat conduction heat transfer; the eddy haphazard motion of water blocks, there is not certain direction, and thus eddy heat conduction can be divided into vertical and levels of 2 types, mainly vertical eddy heat conduction. convection heat transfer depends on the vertical distribution of water density. When the density of the upper waters of the sea than its lower density, then gravity is greater than the buoyancy, sea water and thus the vertical direction occurs convection and heat on the exchange. three approximation, molecular heat conduction is extremely weak, mainly eddy heat conduction and convection heat transfer. from the sea speaking, the tropical ocean to eddy heat conduction based; moderate seas, the summer to vortex Activity Conducted mainly by convection conduction mainly in winter; frigid ocean convection heat transfer based Zeyi.
heat capacity of water directed 1 cubic centimeter of seawater temperature rises 1 ℃ heat necessary. The value of sea water and sea water characteristic heat density of the production, its element is the card / cm 3. degrees. Since the specific heat and density of sea water than atmosphere, so is the heat capacity, such as taking water density r = 1.026, water specific heat Cp = 0.932; and the density of atmosphere r '= 0.00129, the air's specific heat Cr' = 0.237, then the heat capacity of water Cpr = 0.956 cards / cm 3. degrees, while the air heat capacity Cp'r '= 0.000306 card / cm 3. degrees, a difference of 3100 times . In other words, a cubic kilometers of water when the temperature was lower, make 3100 cubic kilometers of air temperature was, can be penetrated in regulating Earth's oceans play a significant role in temperature, it is also the thermal properties of seawater , production the earth a mild weather.
seawater intrusion through the absorbent layer refers to the sea (including the aquitard) into the lower floor level light aquifer. In general, the water class of the land than the light water aquifer water level high, but later catching large quantities of land short aquifer, the groundwater level under the sea level will make it, resulting in sea water (salt water) into the land through the light permeable layer of the aquifer, thus undermining the groundwater resources. Qinhuangdao City, China, taken as a large number of underground fresh water, resulting in water large-scale invasion forward the dirt, numerous areas have been salted water; Eminem coastal metropolis of Amsterdam Netherlands, over the years to rely on way to fresh water in coastal sand dunes, resulting in the underlying salt water rising in recent decades began to refer to the Rhine synthetic recharge of river sand dune yearly 60 million tons of fresh water to prevent seawater intrusion. can afford wells and the water fight between a row of wells, pumping caused by the low level trough, or the formation of hydraulic barriers injection usage; in the rewarding geological conditions, but also embankment can be built underground water, these methods can serve to prevent the effects of seawater intrusion.
velocity of sound in sea water in the spread. resolved to sound wag circulation speed of the main factors are temperature, salinity and pressure (depth). temperature the greatest impact on the speed of sound, temperature, increase the speed of sound. As seawater temperature, salinity, the uneven distribution can cause uneven distribution of sound velocity to the velocity gradient of the formation of the ocean, sound waves in sea water spread faster than the speed of circulation in the air three times faster in the half (about 1500 m / s). When that temperature, salinity and depth, you can calculate the speed of sound. seawater to make a direct calculation of the speed of sound equipment sounds speed detector, Its going principle is measured by the acoustic pulse through a certain time interval in order to speak out from the speed.
sea water concentrations of trace elements that is equal to or less than 1 mg / l element. In addition to the constant element of water, nutrients, dissolved gases , the other is known as sea water trace element. periodically in the water content in the 1m0.001 mg / L trace elements as sea water, the content is less than 0.001 mg / l of trace element called water element. seawater low levels of trace elements, determination more intricate, but trace elements of shape, balance and mechanism of transfer, in the ocean chemistry is very important, so attention in recent years, especially since the 50 years since the heavy metals in the marine pollution proposed research work is creature intensified. seawater trace elements in dynamic equilibrium state, the role of rock weathering by water and other means have been brought into the ocean, in the ocean and through the biological, physical, chemical and geological processes to migrate to the sea, so that concentration in the ocean are relatively stable state. However, due to industrial development, mineral exploitation, and increased the amount of trace elements in the allocation to the ocean, if the rate of transmission is greater than the rate of marine normal balance (self-purification capacity) to make these elements in sea water content increased, a number of toxic massive metals on marine pollution, the ecological balance of marine life, which cause damage to persons.
sea water temperature to a water depth of insulation from whichever methods to heave to the surface when the temperature has called the potential temperature. often said t, climbed the throne temperature t = tM-t, tM-site for the water temperature, t is reduced due to adiabatic cooling temperature, t the temperature, salt changes in temperature and pressure changes. such as on-site water tM = 5 ℃, it insulated from 6,000 meters below sea level when raised to t = 0.80 ℃, so the sea water temperature t = 5 ℃ -0.80 ℃ = 4.20 ℃. morsel temperature can be calculated according to the adiabatic temperature gradient, with compression of the sea, when the water block to rise, the pressure decreases due to volume expansion, inner energy decreases, temperature decreases; when the water down the block, because of the pressure to increase the volume of reduced, the energy increases, the temperature rises. situated blocks from the water at the depth h1 h2 shake, according to the principle of maintenance of energy in the cm. grams. second system adiabatic temperature change formula:
where T is the temperature ( Kelvin temperature scale with that), e is the thermal expansion coefficient Peng, Cp is specific heat at constant pressure, g is the haste due to gravity, J is the mechanical equivalent of heat (equivalent to 4.1863t107 ergs / card). potential temperature is not a function of depth, it is an index of thermal properties of sea water can be used to study the way water mass movement.
sea water temperature reflects the thermal state of a physical amount. the world's ocean water temperature is generally between -2 ℃ m30 ℃, which exceeded the average water temperature 20 ℃ the region accounted for more than half of the entire ocean area. seawater temperature daytime, month, year, years and other cyclical changes and irregular changes, which mainly depends on the ocean heat ration and its time to change. by straight detection that : little change in water temperature on the change scope from 0m30 meters water depth, while the annual change of about 350 meters depth can be reached at. at a depth of 350 meters hardly ever, was a constant level. but with increasing depth, water temperature gradually decreased (per depth 1000 m, a dwindle of nearly 1.m2 ℃), 3000m4000 meters in depth, the temperature reached 2.m-1 ℃. seawater temperature of the ocean hydrology one of the most important factor, often as the nature of water mass, water mass movement described The basic indicators. of spatial and temporal distribution of water temperature variation is not only an important part of oceanography and meteorological, navigation, fishing industry and the sound of water and other exercises are also important.
water pressure refers to a certain height of the sea water col 1 square centimeter to its bottom area of the coerce. common symbols P, said unit dyne / cm 2 or bar (1 bar = 106 dyne / cm 2). terrestrial standard atmospheric pressure is equal to 1.0325 bar, it is equal to 1.03323 kg / cm 2, which is 76 cm high pressure mercury. If the density of sea water taken 1.03 g / cm 2, according to static formula, equivalent to a depth of 10.03 m at atmospheric pressure. In other words, that each additional depth of 10 meters, an increase of about a atmospheric pressure. pressure units, practical take on the often 1 , but also a function of temperature and salinity, the pressure on the conductance of temperature or salinity than the more apparent effects.
water static pressure compression means that when an added unit of pressure caused by water when the specific volume of phase
constant temperature increase of unit pressure, some water quality changes in the volume ratio of the amount of the original volume. where the constant K is called the water division the amount of compression, V is the volume of seawater, V, P are the volume and pressure changes volume. compressibility of water, with the temperature, salinity, pressure increases. compressibility of water is small, about 4t10-5. seawater volume of the compression system, sound transmission rate for its size is an important physical parameters. seawater density is temperature, salinity and pressure of the feature, whether the temperature and salinity as a constant, then the density of sea water will vary with pressure, or that with the increase of depth, which made the water in a settled state . It is estimated that, if the water can not abbreviate, then the sea than the sea surface height 20m30 meters now.
early elucidation of salinity: the water in a thousand Ridge, bromine and iodine replaced at chlorine equivalent of the carbonate into oxides, alphabetical material is rusted when always the solids in the absolute grams. Unit: g / kg, symbol: Sp, and the narrative between chlorinity: Sp = 0.030 +1.8050 tClp.1966 agencies, according to the International Year of the marine water conductivity and salinity of seawater conductivity percentage 35.000p criterion R15 (by 15 ℃), the emulating relationship for a current elucidation of salinity: Sp =- 0.08996 +28.29720 R15 +12.80832 R152-10.67869R153 +5.98624 R154-1.32311R155 salinity and the narration among the degree of chlorine using the emulating formula: Sp = 1.80655Clp water salinity is related to the physical and chemical properties of an important parameter, is the study of water manoeuvre, dividing the water hunk, and additional important ingredients to resolve the speed of sound.
seawater nutrients that tin control water in the ocean affect marine plant growth and biomass of those ingredients. marine life in increase to CO2, O2 and other gases, yet also absence phosphorus, nitrogen, silicon and other factors to fashion the organism's proteins and nuclear, We phosphorus, nitrogen and silicon as the chief nutrients. Additionally, there are some trace ingredients (such as steel, manganese, bronze, etc.) also have some affect biological processes, call them trace metal nutrients. experimental results show that: phosphorus, nitrogen a small number to a certain extent, can not carry out photosynthesis, plants for beyond breeding to be limited. marine plants grow in a sun, photosynthesis can be within the upper ocean, which constitute the organism protein intake and nitrogen embodied in the nucleus phosphorus, a nutrient water the maximum important into the sea. Ocean can be precipitation, creek runoff into the sea, when the phosphorus, nitrogen, silicon and other elements play a complementary role, vertical merging and convective mixing and upwelling and so ashore but also to phosphorus, nitrogen and other nutrients from the sea or the submarine to the sea bottom to altitude, resulting in continually replenish. high and cheap nutrient content will have a certain relationship with the plankton, such as the Pacific east coast due to a steady increase in stream, so the place for phosphorus, nitrogen rich, biological to large population, is the earth notable fishing space. a sea nutrient content apparently seasonal changes: winter surface water of phosphorus, nitrogen content is tall, decreasing the spring, summer, multiplication of plant altitude, the content will be depressed to a minimum , autumn began to increase nutrient content.
water and airy CO2 exchange of ocean surface water and gaseous CO2 exchange between the recent years is quite attention. As the consecutive evolution of manufacture, coal, fuel combustion CO2 into the atmosphere are increasing, according to research 19th century, atmospheric CO2 concentration was 0.028%, now increased to about 0.033%. recent test showed that the increase in annual number of atmospheric CO2 is about 0.2% . atmospheric CO2 content on the temperature to a certain extent, this is due to CO2 in the atmosphere will preoccupy the Earth's long-wave radiation, the absorption related to the content and CO2, CO2 absorbed high levels of radiation, more heat loss to the earth less, the temperature heaves, this effect is called oil consumption measure of CO2 into the atmosphere is estimated at about 1.34t1010 tons, half of which green plants sponge through photosynthesis into organic matter, and release oxygen, the other half into the atmosphere. Oceanic and Atmospheric CO2 exchange between the rate, and CO2 in collection in the atmosphere are instantly related. oceans contain 7.5 grams per square centimeter of carbon in the atmosphere about 60 times. sea exchange of CO2 between the atmosphere can only be carried out in the sea, its direction resolute by the exchange between sea water and atmospheric CO2 the partial pressure, such as the water partial pressure greater than atmospheric CO2, the CO2 into the atmosphere from the sea, on the contrary, the water will dissolve atmospheric CO2. seawater CO2 partial pressure of determination on many factors: such as temperature, salinity, biological photosynthesis and respiration, pH, such as seawater. Every year the number of CO2 into the ocean, very complex, subject to water physics, chemistry, biology, geology and the impact of campaigns, etc., it is difficult to make firm conclusions.
water index refers to the scatter of light in a vacuum, the speed and velocity in the seawater ratio. refractive index of light of alter wavelengths are no equal. seawater refractive index likewise decreases with increasing temperature, with the amplify of salinity increases.
potential heat of evaporation of sea water refers to water particles depart the surface evaporation of water vapor into the process of evaporation of water molecules in the results of the average kinetic stamina decreases,toronto escorts, accordingly lowering the surface temperature; This means that the evaporation consumes heat. for of the sea the evaporation detriment of heat namely shrieked potential heat of evaporation of sea water, or 1 Ridge water evaporation heat necessitated for the card digit. the card / g, said. It has been reckoned in the sea, deserving to the amassed surplus of radiation heat process, almost 10% of transportation access into the atmosphere, and the remaining 90% is used for evaporation. Thus, the latent heat of evaporation of sea water temperature distribution in the oceans plays an momentous character and change.
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